{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:19:07Z","timestamp":1792019947143,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)","award":["BB\/T008989\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/T008989\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial to addressing the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), encompassing undernutrition (including micronutrient deficiencies) and overnutrition. This study examined the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IYCF practices, and their impacts on the DBM among 2039 Vietnamese children aged 6\u201323 months from the General Nutrition Survey 2020. Methods: Thirteen IYCF indicators recommended by the WHO\/UNICEF were evaluated. Associations between IYCF indicators and outcome variables were assessed using logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and overweight subjects was 10.9%, 5.6%, and 3.1%, respectively. Low serum zinc affected 56.7% of children, while 14.3% had low serum retinol, 31.2% had anemia, and 34.6% had iron deficiency (ID). Only 36.7% of children achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and 29.0% achieved the minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Children from the younger age group (6\u201311 months), ethnic minorities, those living in rural\/mountainous regions, and poorer wealth quintiles had reduced odds of meeting IYCF criteria, including MDD and MAD. Infants meeting MDD had reduced odds of stunting [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals): 0.61 (0.41, 0.92)], and ID [0.69 (0.54, 0.88)]. Children meeting MAD had reduced odds of anemia [0.72 (0.57, 0.91)], ID [0.66 (0.52, 0.84)], and low serum retinol [0.63 (0.41, 0.99)]. Continued breastfeeding (12\u201323 months) reduced the odds of being underweight [0.50 (0.27, 0.92)] and of having low serum zinc [0.70 (0.52, 0.96)]. Adequate minimum milk feeding frequency had increased odds of being overweight [3.33 (1.01, 11.09)]. Conclusions: Suboptimal IYCF practices were significant predictors of the DBM among Vietnamese children, with evident age-specific, geographical, and socioeconomic disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T16:16:37Z","timestamp":1727280997000},"page":"3240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Complementary Feeding Practices in Addressing the Double Burden of Malnutrition among Children Aged 6\u201323 Months: Insight from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pui Yee","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somphos Vicheth","family":"Som","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6122-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Son Duy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Surveillance and Policy, National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Tranh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Surveillance and Policy, National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4567-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nga Thuy","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micronutrient, National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Khanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micronutrient, National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Ba Ho, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Food and Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4750-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Bernadette","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9096-0800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Caton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4582-5244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Ensaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffry","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia Region, 9 Mohamed Sultan Road, #02-01, Singapore 238959, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia Region, 9 Mohamed Sultan Road, #02-01, Singapore 238959, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4927-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun Yun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32497-3","article-title":"Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality","volume":"395","author":"Popkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513002080","article-title":"Double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition in Vietnam in 2011: Results of the SEANUTS study in 0.5\u201311-year-old children","volume":"110","author":"Le","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. 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