{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:09:34Z","timestamp":1782961774866,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Estonian Ministry of Education and Research","award":["IUT 20-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUT 20-58"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Ministry of Education and Research","award":["PRG 435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG 435"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy of the University of Tartu (baseline research funding)","award":["IUT 20-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUT 20-58"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy of the University of Tartu (baseline research funding)","award":["PRG 435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG 435"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine of the University of Tartu (baseline research funding)","award":["IUT 20-58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUT 20-58"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine of the University of Tartu (baseline research funding)","award":["PRG 435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG 435"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study checked whether vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation improves the efficacy of resistance training (RT) in terms of increasing muscle strength and lean body mass (LBM), and influencing cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) in Vit-D-deficient middle-aged healthy men. Methods: Participants (n = 28) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of two groups, which, in a double-blind manner, supplemented their diet daily with either Vit-D (8000 IU; VD) or placebo (PLC) during participation in a 12-week supervised RT program. Results: During the intervention, serum Vit-D concentrations increased 2.6-fold (p &lt; 0.001) in the VD group, while no changes occurred in the PLC group. Muscle strength gains (p &lt; 0.001) as measured in seven exercises performed on RT equipment and increases (p &lt; 0.001) in LBM were similar in the two groups. Total fat mass, percent total fat, and percent android fat decreased (p &lt; 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups, but there was no change in VO2max in either group. Conclusions: In conclusion, in healthy Vit-D-insufficient middle-aged men engaged in resistance training, Vit-D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels but does not enhance gains in muscle strength and LBM, or decreases in fat mass and fat percentage, and does not affect cardiorespiratory fitness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T11:29:24Z","timestamp":1727868564000},"page":"3356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Enhance Gains in Muscle Strength and Lean Body Mass or Influence Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Vitamin D-Insufficient Middle-Aged Men Engaged in Resistance Training"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lauri","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Timpmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mooses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2939-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelin","family":"M\u00e4estu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luule","family":"Medijainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e4rt","family":"Lellsaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Tiimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 31 Raja St., 50417 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Piir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihkel","family":"Zilmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3416-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve","family":"Unt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia"},{"name":"Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 1a Puusepa St., 50406 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahur","family":"\u00d6\u00f6pik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 \u00dclikooli St., 50090 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendik, I., Friedel, A., Roos, F.F., Weber, P., and Eggersdorfer, M. 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