{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:13:50Z","timestamp":1792980830745,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIGMS OLA Hawaii","award":["NIMHD U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMHD U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"NIGMS OLA Hawaii","award":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"]}]},{"name":"NIGMS OLA Hawaii","award":["P30CA071789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA071789"]}]},{"name":"Integrative Center for Environmental Microbiomes and Human Health","award":["NIMHD U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMHD U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"Integrative Center for Environmental Microbiomes and Human Health","award":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"]}]},{"name":"Integrative Center for Environmental Microbiomes and Human Health","award":["P30CA071789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA071789"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIMHD U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMHD U54MD007601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA071789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA071789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sharma Dev Lakshmi Foundation","award":["NIMHD U54MD007601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMHD U54MD007601"]}]},{"name":"Sharma Dev Lakshmi Foundation","award":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIGMS P20 GM125508"]}]},{"name":"Sharma Dev Lakshmi Foundation","award":["P30CA071789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA071789"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vaginal Lactobacillus predominance is associated with improved vaginal health and reduced pregnancy complications. Little is known about how dietary quality may improve vaginal microbial composition or about dietary interventions that may promote Lactobacillus abundance. To understand the host factors affecting vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic cohort in Hawai`i. We hypothesize that better diet quality improves vaginal microbial composition, as represented by Lactobacillus abundance and depletion of anaerobic organisms. Methods: We compared comprehensive diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), to taxonomic classifications of bacteria present within the vagina. Participants of the four predominant ethnic groups in Hawai\u2019i (Japanese, Filipino, Non-Hispanic White and Native Hawaiian) completed Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (QFFQs) and collected vaginal swabs during each trimester. 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing (V2\u2013V9 regions) was performed on vaginal samples. HEI-2015 scores and macro- and micronutrient intake were compared with the predominant species present using the Mann\u2013Whitney-U test, PERMANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A mixed-effects logistics regression model was used to predict the depletion of Lactobacillus species while accounting for confounding demographic factors. Results: Matched, longitudinal data for 40 participants demonstrated three predominant Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, L. iners, and L. gasseri, with another subset of samples with anaerobic abundance. (Primarily, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella, and Gardnerella vaginalis.) Non-Hispanic White participants had lower amounts of Lactobacillus iners compared to other racial and ethnic groups. HEI scores correlated with the chao index and observed species number primarily in the first trimester (r = 0.25, p &lt; 0.05). Greater carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher abundance of L.\u00a0crispatus, while lower carbohydrate intake trended towards more L. iners (0.056) and anaerobic species. Conclusions: Increased carbohydrate consumption and improved diet quality may be associated with beneficial vaginal microbial composition in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:03:49Z","timestamp":1728389029000},"page":"3405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Dietary Quality on Vaginal Microbiome Composition Throughout Pregnancy in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5757-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrie","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3035-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Benny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Riel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie K.","family":"Fialkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Support Shared Resource, University of Hawai\u2019i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vedbar","family":"Khadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Men-Jean","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu004","article-title":"Bacteria in the vaginal microbiome alter the innate immune response and barrier properties of the human vaginal epithelia in a species-specific manner","volume":"209","author":"Doerflinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. 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