{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T23:29:14Z","timestamp":1784590154819,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: A low-FODMAPs Diet (LFD) is considered a \u201csecond line\u201d dietary strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but, after a period of strict restriction of all FODMAP foods, it has to be adapted and tailored to each patient (AdLFD). Fibromyalgia often coexists with IBS in up to 65% of cases. Our aims were to evaluate if comorbid fibromyalgia influenced the long-term clinical outcomes and adherence to an AdLFD in IBS patients. Methods: IBS patients with or without fibromyalgia who had started an AdLFD were enrolled. Patients had been evaluated before starting the LFD (T0). After a mean follow-up of 62.5 \u00b1 22.7 months (T1), they were re-evaluated using questionnaires on disease severity, bowel habits, psychological status, and adherence to AdLFD. Results: In total, 51 IBS patients entered the study. Nineteen of them had comorbid fibromyalgia. Thirty patients reported a reduction in symptom severity at T1 in comparison with T0. Despite some slight differences in single IBS Symptom Severity Score items, comorbid fibromyalgia did not influence the IBS-SSS total score at T1. Patients with comorbid fibromyalgia showed a higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at baseline. A total of 44 patients showed good long-term adherence to the AdLFD. All patients improved their HADS score and had long-term adherence to the AdLFD. Conclusions: Comorbid fibromyalgia showed only a slight influence on long-term outcomes of an AdLFD on IBS symptoms, without affecting the relief of global symptoms. No influence on long-term adherence to AdLFD was detected. Hence, this approach can be taken into account in fibromyalgia patients for a nonpharmacological management of IBS symptoms. However, multicentric studies on larger samples would be welcome in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:22:48Z","timestamp":1728476568000},"page":"3419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adapted Low-FODMAP Diet in IBS Patients with and without Fibromyalgia: Long-Term Adherence and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"},{"name":"Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Statistical Support Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cancelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Rettura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"de Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study","volume":"160","author":"Sperber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031","article-title":"Bowel Disorders","volume":"150","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2022.11.015","article-title":"Italian Guidelines for the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Joint Consensus from the Italian Societies of: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy (SIGE), Neurogastroenterology and Motility (SINGEM), Hospital 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