{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:23:29Z","timestamp":1792167809315,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN)","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN)","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN)","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN)","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMiguel Servet Type II\u201d program","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMiguel Servet Type II\u201d program","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMiguel Servet Type II\u201d program","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMiguel Servet Type II\u201d program","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud","award":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIGEN-MICROBIOTA NCT05076656"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud","award":["PI15\/01114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01114"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud","award":["CPII21\/00013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00013"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Andaluz de Salud","award":["B-0033-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-0033-2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy lean subjects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); Methods: We designed a phase II, randomized, single-blind, parallel-arm clinical trial. Twenty-one subjects (12 men [57.1%] and 9 women [42.9%]), who had previously signed an informed consent were randomized to FMT from lean donors, a probiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus LB-14), or placebo. Mean age at baseline was 62.5 \u00b1 5.8 years and mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was approximately 32.4 \u00b1 2.4 kg\/m2. Anthropometric measures, biochemical variables, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and a stool microbiota analysis were performed (baseline, 4 and 12 weeks). The trial was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice Guides (CPMP\/ICH\/135\/95) and the current Spanish legislation regarding clinical trials (RD 223\/2004).; Results: FMT changes occurred at the expense of the species found in the donor. No differences in weight, body mass index, HbA1c, or the results of the OGTT for glucose and insulin were found between groups after the intervention, although a decrease in uric acid was observed in the probiotic group (\u22120.5 mg\/dL; p = 0.037) and a mild increase in HbA1c in the FMT group (+0.25%; p = 0.041); Conclusions: In our sample, neither FMT from healthy and lean donors nor a probiotic were effective in improving insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16203491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:12:50Z","timestamp":1728983570000},"page":"3491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Microbiota Transplantation in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and a High Degree of Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1867-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Granada Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Lasserrot-Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Research, Development, and Innovation Plan. CTS 367, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6121-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Moreno-Indias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Tinahones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga, and Platform in Nanomedicine (IBIMA-BIONAND Platform), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.05.005","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Human Metabolic Diseases: From a Murky Past to a Bright Future?","volume":"33","author":"Hanssen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17077","article-title":"Effect of Oral Capsule- vs Colonoscopy-Delivered Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"Kao","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.11.004","article-title":"Current and Future Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Children","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. 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