{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:34:07Z","timestamp":1785544447344,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006135","name":"European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006135","name":"European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006135","name":"European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006135","name":"European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Science","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Science","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Science","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Science","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cUna Manera de Hacer Europa\u201d","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cUna Manera de Hacer Europa\u201d","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cUna Manera de Hacer Europa\u201d","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"FEDER \u201cUna Manera de Hacer Europa\u201d","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"FIC-Fundacion Jes\u00fas Serra","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"FIC-Fundacion Jes\u00fas Serra","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"FIC-Fundacion Jes\u00fas Serra","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"FIC-Fundacion Jes\u00fas Serra","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"MCIN","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"MCIN","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"MCIN","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"MCIN","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"European Union (NextGenerationEU\/PRTR)","award":["EA1659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EA1659"]}]},{"name":"European Union (NextGenerationEU\/PRTR)","award":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033-[PID2019-107160RB-I00]"]}]},{"name":"European Union (NextGenerationEU\/PRTR)","award":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS FISPI22\/01930"]}]},{"name":"European Union (NextGenerationEU\/PRTR)","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that erythrocyte membrane lipids are subject to changes during their lifespan. Factors such as the type of dietary intake and its composition contribute to the changes in red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Due to the high antioxidant content of beer, we aimed to investigate the effect of moderate beer consumption on the lipid composition of RBCs membranes from healthy overweight individuals. Methods: We conducted a four-weeks, prospective two-arm longitudinal crossed-over study, where participants (n = 36) were randomly assigned to alcohol-free beer group or traditional beer group. The lipids of RBCs membranes were assessed at the beginning and the end of the intervention by thin-layer chromatography. Results: Four-weeks of alcohol-free beer promoted changes in fatty acids (FA), free cholesterol (FC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, traditional beer intake led to changes in FA, FC, phospholipids (PL), PE and PC (p &lt; 0.05). The observed alterations in membrane lipids were found to be independent of sex and BMI as influencing factors. Conclusions: The lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes is distinctly but mildly influenced by the consumption of both non-alcoholic and conventional beer, with no effects on RBC membrane fluidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16203541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T08:53:11Z","timestamp":1729500791000},"page":"3541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Moderate Beer Intake on the Lipid Composition of Human Red Blood Cell Membranes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anallely","family":"L\u00f3pez-Yerena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"de Santisteban Villaplana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1921-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Padro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Badimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pretini, V., Koenen, M.H., Kaestner, L., Fens, M.H.A.M., Schiffelers, R.M., Bartels, M., and Van Wijk, R. (2019). Red Blood Cells: Chasing Interactions. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00945"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00087-0","article-title":"Red Blood Cells","volume":"34","author":"Klinken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Barbalato, L., and Pillarisetty, L.S. (2019). Histology, Red Blood Cell, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e45866","article-title":"Erythrocyte Alterations and Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"9","author":"Bonomini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrourol. Mon."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz156","article-title":"Red Blood Cell Dysfunction: A New Player in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"115","author":"Pernow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haest, C.W.M. (2003). Distribution and Movement of Membrane Lipids. Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05181-8_1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revin, V.V., Gromova, N.V., Revina, E.S., Martynova, M.I., Seikina, A.I., Revina, N.V., Imarova, O.G., Solomadin, I.N., Tychkov, A.Y., and Zhelev, N. (2016). Role of Membrane Lipids in the Regulation of Erythrocytic Oxygen-Transport Function in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomed Res. Int., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3429604"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933402","article-title":"The Role of Red Blood Cell Deformability and Na, K-ATPase Function in Selected Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Humans: Focus on Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"65","author":"Radosinska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Varela, M., Garc\u00eda-Rubio, D., De la Mora-Mojica, B., M\u00e9ndez-M\u00e9ndez, J., Dur\u00e1n-\u00c1lvarez, C., and Cerecedo, D. (2019). Alterations to Plasma Membrane Lipid Contents Affect the Biophysical Properties of Erythrocytes from Individuals with Hypertension. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembr., 1861.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2019.05.018"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319709337307","article-title":"Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes and Coronary Atherosclerosis: An Intravascular Ultrasound Pilot Study","volume":"60","author":"Giannoglou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2012.672345","article-title":"Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and the Therapeutic Effect of Rosuvastatin","volume":"117","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Upsala J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.069","article-title":"Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes Is Increased in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A New Marker of Clinical Instability?","volume":"49","author":"Tziakas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiagarajan, P., Parker, C.J., and Prchal, J.T. (2021). How Do Red Blood Cells Die?. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.655393"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niesor, E.J., Nader, E., Perez, A., Lamour, F., Benghozi, R., Remaley, A., Thein, S.L., and Connes, P. (2022). Red Blood Cell Membrane Cholesterol May Be a Key Regulator of Sickle Cell Disease Microvascular Complications. Membranes, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12111134"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137471","article-title":"Mediterranean-Style Diet Effect on the Structural Properties of the Erythrocyte Cell Membrane of Hypertensive Patients: The Prevencion Con Dieta Mediterranea Study","volume":"54","author":"Perona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(97)00135-6","article-title":"Effect of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Lipid Peroxidation in Plasma, Erythrocyte and Leukocyte and on Some Antioxidant Enzymes","volume":"266","author":"Can","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padro, T., Mu\u00f1oz-Garc\u00eda, N., Vilahur, G., Chagas, P., Dey\u00e0, A., Antonijoan, R.M., and Badimon, L. (2018). Moderate Beer Intake and Cardiovascular Health in Overweight Individuals. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091237"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d671","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d671","article-title":"Association of Alcohol Consumption with Selected Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"342","author":"Ronksley","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.006","article-title":"Alcohol Consumption and Mortality in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Costanzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garcia, N., Escate, R., Badimon, L., and Padro, T. (2021). Moderate Beer Intake Downregulates Inflammasome Pathway Gene Expression in Human Macrophages. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111159"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.07.009","article-title":"Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption: Liver Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism","volume":"34","author":"Pawlosky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Collaborative Group of the IMMIDIET Project (2009). Alcohol Consumption and n\u20133 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Healthy Men and Women from 3 European Populations. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 89, 354\u2013362.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26661"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2012.02.004","article-title":"The Effects of Membrane Cholesterol and Simvastatin on Red Blood Cell Deformability and ATP Release","volume":"83","author":"Forsyth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0367-z","article-title":"Alterations in Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Na+\/K+-ATPase Activity in Chronic Alcoholics","volume":"339","author":"Maturu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000090496","article-title":"Erythrocyte Membrane Phospholipid Composition as a Biomarker of Dietary Fat","volume":"50","author":"Fuhrman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.16-16","article-title":"Association between Alcohol-Induced Erythrocyte Membrane Alterations and Hemolysis in Chronic Alcoholics","volume":"60","author":"Bulle","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22352","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP03250J","article-title":"Phenolic Compounds Alter the Ion Permeability of Phospholipid Bilayers via Specific Lipid Interactions","volume":"23","author":"Hossain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA120000635","article-title":"Cholesterol Transport between Red Blood Cells and Lipoproteins Contributes to Cholesterol Metabolism in Blood","volume":"61","author":"Ohkawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001826","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.001826","article-title":"Measurement of Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathways in Humans: In Vivo Rates of Free Cholesterol Efflux, Esterification, and Excretion","volume":"1","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaw, K.-T., Friesen, M.D., Riboli, E., Luben, R., and Wareham, N. (2012). Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Concentration and Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Study. PLoS Med., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001255"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319719854609","article-title":"The Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis","volume":"71","author":"Xepapadaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00595a021","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Lipid Composition and Fluidity of Red Cell Membranes in Vitro: Production of Red Cells Possessing More than Two Cholesterols per Phospholipid","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/jss.400080404","article-title":"Influence of Increased Membrane Cholesterol on Membrane Fluidity and Cell Function in Human Red Blood Cells","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Supramol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2005.07.004","article-title":"HDL Cholesterol Levels Are an Important Factor for Determining the Lifespan of Erythrocytes","volume":"33","author":"Meurs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01540.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Erythrocyte Lipids and Vitamins in a Healthy Population","volume":"19","author":"Simonetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3837-8","article-title":"Changes of Molecular Glycerophospholipid Species in Plasma and Red Blood Cells during Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation","volume":"48","author":"Uhl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.137158","article-title":"Choline and Its Metabolites Are Differently Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, History of Cardiovascular Disease, and MRI-Documented Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults","volume":"105","author":"Roe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.03.007","article-title":"Inflammation-Associated Changes in Lipid Composition and the Organization of the Erythrocyte Membrane","volume":"5","author":"Dinkla","year":"2016","journal-title":"BBA Clin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P035808","article-title":"Plasma Lipid Profiling in a Large Population-Based Cohort [S]","volume":"54","author":"Weir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0261","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with Lower Hepatic and Erythrocyte Ratios of Phosphatidylcholine to Phosphatidylethanolamine","volume":"38","author":"Arendt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meikle, P.J., Wong, G., Barlow, C.K., Weir, J.M., Greeve, M.A., MacIntosh, G.L., Almasy, L., Comuzzie, A.G., Mahaney, M.C., and Kowalczyk, A. (2013). Plasma Lipid Profiling Shows Similar Associations with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074341"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.12.2614","article-title":"Plasma Sphingomyelin Level as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e328362228f","article-title":"Sphingomyelin in Erythrocyte Membranes Increases the Total Cholesterol Content of Erythrocyte Membranes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"8835813","article-title":"Antioxidant Effect of Beer Polyphenols and Their Bioavailability in Dental-Derived Stem Cells (D-DSCs) and Human Intestinal Epithelial Lines (Caco-2) Cells","volume":"2020","author":"Feola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12352","article-title":"Phenolic Substances in Beer: Structural Diversity, Reactive Potential and Relevance for Brewing Process and Beer Quality","volume":"17","author":"Wannenmacher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u0142och, A., Struga\u0142a-Danak, P., Pruchnik, H., Krawczyk-\u0141ebek, A., Szczecka, K., Janeczko, T., and Kostrzewa-Sus\u0142ow, E. (2021). Interaction of 4\u2032-Methylflavonoids with Biological Membranes, Liposomes, and Human Albumin. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95430-8"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/20\/3541\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:16:24Z","timestamp":1760112984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/20\/3541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16203541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16203541","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]}}}