{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:50:44Z","timestamp":1777287044124,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19K14009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K14009"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23K13904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K13904"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003993","name":"MAFF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ009842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ009842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Urinary collagen peptides, the breakdown products of endogenous collagen, have been used as biomarkers for various diseases. These non-invasive biomarkers are easily measured via mass spectrometry, aiding in diagnostics and therapy effectiveness. Objectives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of consuming collagen-containing meat on collagen peptide composition in human blood and urine. Methods. Ten collagen peptides in 24 h urine were quantified. Results. Prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) was the most abundant peptide. Except for hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly), levels of other minor collagen peptides showed high correlation coefficients with Pro-Hyp (r = 0.42 vs. r &gt; 0.8). Notably, 24 h urinary Hyp-Gly showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.72 with meat consumption, significantly higher than the coefficient for Pro-Hyp (r = 0.37). Additionally, the levels of Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly in the blood of seven young women participants increased similarly after consuming fish meat, while before ingestion, only negligible amounts of Hyp-Gly were present. To examine which peptides are generated by the degradation of endogenous collagen, mouse skin was cultured. The amount of Pro-Hyp released from the skin was approximately 1000-fold higher than that of Hyp-Gly. Following consumption of collagen-containing meat, both Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly are released in blood and excreted into urine, although Pro-Hyp is primarily generated from endogenous collagen even under physiological conditions. Conclusions. Therefore, in 24 h urine samples, the non-negligible fraction of Pro-Hyp is contributed by endogenous collagen, making 24 h urine Hyp-Gly level a potential biomarker for evaluating meat consumption on the day.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16203574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T12:40:32Z","timestamp":1729514432000},"page":"3574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hydroxyprolyl-Glycine in 24 H Urine Shows Higher Correlation with Meat Consumption than Prolyl-Hydroxyproline, a Major Collagen Peptide in Urine and Blood"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Asai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Wijanarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Sekino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4138-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiko","family":"Maruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayo","family":"Mannari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"},{"name":"Kyousei Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women\u2019s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1619-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8326-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Takamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"},{"name":"Kyousei Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women\u2019s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ribeka","family":"Takachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4274-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women\u2019s University, Nara 630 8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(96)01586-6","article-title":"The challenge of proteolytic enzymes in intestinal peptide 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