{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:05:31Z","timestamp":1790791531331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is the leading cause of anemia in the pediatric population (microcytic, hypochromic anemia due to iron deficiency). Moreover, untreated iron deficiency can lead to various systemic consequences and can disrupt the child\u2019s development. Methods\/Results. Therefore, a team of experts from the Polish Pediatric Society, the Polish Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, the Polish Neonatology Society, and the Polish Society of Family Medicine, based on a review of the current literature, their own clinical experience, and critical discussion, has developed updated guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of iron deficiency in children from birth to 18 years of age. These recommendations apply to the general population and do not take into account the specifics of individual conditions and diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T07:51:29Z","timestamp":1729842689000},"page":"3623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children and Adolescents: Recommendations of the Polish Pediatric Society, the Polish Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, the Polish Society of Neonatology, and the Polish Society of Family Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Chaber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"},{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, State Hospital 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Helwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Institute of Mother and Child, 04-370 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryszard","family":"Lauterbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jagiellonian University Hospital, 31-501 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mastalerz-Migas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Matysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Children\u2019s Hematology, Clinical Transplantology and Pediatrics, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Peregud-Pogorzelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Pediatric Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Styczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Jurasz University Hospital 1, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-261X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0131-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Jackowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000371618","article-title":"The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies","volume":"66","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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