{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:20:16Z","timestamp":1791523216128,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":328,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UAEU Program for Advanced Research 2023","award":["12M156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12M156"]}]},{"name":"UAEU Program for Advanced Research 2023","award":["21M149-AARE20-260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21M149-AARE20-260"]}]},{"name":"ASPIRE","award":["12M156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12M156"]}]},{"name":"ASPIRE","award":["21M149-AARE20-260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21M149-AARE20-260"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Intestinal fibrosis, a prominent consequence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), presents considerable difficulty owing to the absence of licensed antifibrotic therapies. This review assesses the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals as alternate methods for controlling intestinal fibrosis. Phytochemicals, bioactive molecules originating from plants, exhibit potential antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, targeting pathways associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Compounds such as Asperuloside, Berberine, and olive phenols have demonstrated potential in preclinical models by regulating critical signaling pathways, including TGF-\u03b2\/Smad and NF\u03baB, which are integral to advancing fibrosis. Results: The main findings suggest that these phytochemicals significantly reduce fibrotic markers, collagen deposition, and inflammation in various experimental models of IBD. These phytochemicals may function as supplementary medicines to standard treatments, perhaps enhancing patient outcomes while mitigating the adverse effects of prolonged immunosuppressive usage. Nonetheless, additional clinical trials are necessary to validate their safety, effectiveness, and bioavailability in human subjects. Conclusions: Therefore, investigating phytochemicals may lead to crucial advances in the formulation of innovative treatment approaches for fibrosis associated with IBD, offering a promising avenue for future therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T10:50:08Z","timestamp":1729853408000},"page":"3633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phytochemical Compounds as Promising Therapeutics for Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aya A.","family":"Touny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12581, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7801-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreesh","family":"Ojha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-6795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Pessia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veedamali S.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamanth Neralagundi","family":"Hariharagowdru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4802-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep B.","family":"Subramanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14853","article-title":"An expert consensus to standardise definitions, diagnosis and treatment targets for anti-fibrotic stricture therapies in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"Rieder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000298","article-title":"Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn\u2019s Disease: Role of microRNAs as Fibrogenic Modulators, Serum Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santacroce, G., Lenti, M.V., and Di Sabatino, A. (2022). 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