{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:55:27Z","timestamp":1789844127610,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A decade of research on gluten-related disorders (GRDs) is reviewed in this study, with a particular emphasis on celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). GRDs are triggered by the ingestion of gluten and gluten-like proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. These proteins lead to intestinal damage in celiac disease, an autoimmune condition characterized by villous atrophy and a variety of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. More enigmatic and less understood, NCGS involves symptoms similar to CD but without the immunological reaction or intestinal damage. Recent years have seen advances in the understanding of GRDs, particularly in connection to how intestinal microbiota influences disease progression and patient outcomes. The gluten-free diet (GFD) is still the standard therapy recommended for GRDs despite significant challenges, as discussed in this article. Precise diagnostic methods, patient education and dietary counseling are critical for improving patients\u2019 quality of life. The purpose of this review is to provide a more clear and up-to-date understanding of GRDs, and to help further research on this important topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T07:04:04Z","timestamp":1730099044000},"page":"3636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gluten Unraveled: Latest Insights on Terminology, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Dietary Strategies, and Intestinal Microbiota Modulations\u2014A Decade in Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7356-9447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hristian","family":"Staykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stela","family":"Dragomanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubka","family":"Tancheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3425-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Pediatrics, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-6962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Ielciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianina","family":"Cri\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.12.039","article-title":"Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity or Wheat Intolerance Syndrome?","volume":"166","author":"Guandalini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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