{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:19:05Z","timestamp":1771604345921,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union 7th Framework Program FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES","award":["319010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["319010"]}]},{"name":"European Union 7th Framework Program FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES","award":["612547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["612547"]}]},{"name":"FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES","award":["319010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["319010"]}]},{"name":"FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES","award":["612547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["612547"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation has important metabolic health implications, yet the relationship between habitual dietary intake and BAT activity in humans remains to be fully understood. Methods: We compared dietary intake among adult men with (BATpositive, age: 34.8 \u00b1 5.4 years, BMI: 28.2 \u00b1 5.3 kg\/m2, n = 12) and without (BATnegative, age: 39.1 \u00b1 4.1 years, BMI: 31.1 \u00b1 6.7 kg\/m2, n = 11) cold-induced BAT activation. Activation of BAT was measured immediately following 2 h of cold exposure using 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography reported as maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax). Participants categorized as BATpositive had an SUVmax &gt; 1.5 g\/mL that was normalized to lean body mass (SUVlean) for analysis. Shivering intensity was recorded every 15 min during cold exposure and dietary intake was estimated from 7 consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Results: The BATnegative group was significantly older than the BATpositive group (p = 0.046). Although BATnegative participants consumed an average of 281.2 kcal\/day more than BATpositive, there were no significant differences in dietary intake between groups (p \u2265 0.202). Further, no statistically significant associations between SUVlean and dietary intake among BATpositive participants were observed (p \u2265 0.175). Participants who shivered (n = 9) during cold exposure tended to be shorter (p = 0.056) and have a lower waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.097) but did not differ in dietary intake (p \u2265 0.204) or BAT activity (p = 0.964) when compared to the non-shivering (n = 11) group. Conclusions: Our results indicate that BAT activity and shivering during cold exposure are more strongly related to variables such as age and body size or composition rather than habitual dietary intake. We conclude that habitual dietary intake likely has a negligible influence on BAT activity among adult men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1730291139000},"page":"3697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary Intake Is Similar Among Adult Men with Different Levels of Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres E.","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-9238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros C.","family":"Dinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Argyro","family":"Krase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Nintou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Georgakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET\/CT Department, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinos","family":"Metaxas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET\/CT Department, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Vliora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Georgoulias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larisa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Chatziioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET\/CT Department, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas D.","family":"Flouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808718","article-title":"Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Men","volume":"360","author":"Vanhommerig","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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