{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:05:23Z","timestamp":1792087523923,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":657,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diabetes UK"},{"name":"NI"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Services"},{"name":"SAAD Trading Company"},{"name":"Ulster University Strategic Funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently regarded as a global public health crisis for which lifelong treatment with conventional drugs presents limitations in terms of side effects, accessibility, and cost. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), usually associated with obesity, is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, hyperlipidemia, chronic inflammation, impaired \u03b2-cell function, and insulin resistance. If left untreated or when poorly controlled, DM increases the risk of vascular complications such as hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy, which can be severely debilitating or life-threatening. Plant-based foods represent a promising natural approach for the management of T2DM due to the vast array of phytochemicals they contain. Numerous epidemiological studies have highlighted the importance of a diet rich in plant-based foods (vegetables, fruits, spices, and condiments) in the prevention and management of DM. Unlike conventional medications, such natural products are widely accessible, affordable, and generally free from adverse effects. Integrating plant-derived foods into the daily diet not only helps control the hyperglycemia observed in DM but also supports weight management in obese individuals and has broad health benefits. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis and current therapeutic management of DM, with a particular focus on the promising potential of plant-based foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"3709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Plant-Based Diets and Phytochemicals in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Prevention of Its Complications: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prawej","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4905-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyeeta T.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraiya","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa D.","family":"Reberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasser H. A.","family":"Abdel-Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Flatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diabetes Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(03)00071-9","article-title":"Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Maggio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. 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