{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:34:18Z","timestamp":1762544058544,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"KIOM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN1824311","KSN23214313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN1824311","KSN23214313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to air pollution poses a risk to human respiratory health, and a preventive and therapeutic remedy against fine dust-induced respiratory disease is needed. Background\/Objectives: The respiratory-protective effects of Lysimachia mauritiana (LM) against airway inflammation were evaluated in a mouse model exposed to a fine dust mixture of diesel exhaust particles and particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 \u00b5m (PM10D). Methods: To induce airway inflammation, PM10D was intranasally injected into BALB\/c mice three times a day for 12 days, and LM extracts were given orally once per day. The immune cell subtypes, histopathology, and expression of inflammatory mediators were analyzed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results: LM alleviated the accumulation of neutrophils and the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and the BALF of the PM10D-exposed mice. LM also reduced the release of inflammatory mediators (MIP-2, IL-17, IL-1\u03b1, CXCL1, TNF-\u03b1, MUC5AC, and TRP receptor channels) in the BALF and lungs. Lung histopathology was used to examine airway inflammation and the accumulation of collagen fibers and inflammatory cells after PM10D exposure and showed that LM administration improved this inflammation. Furthermore, LM extract inhibited the MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in the lungs and improved expectoration activity through an increase in phenol red release from the trachea. Conclusions: LM alleviated PM10D-exposed neutrophilic airway inflammation by suppressing MAPK\/NF-\u03baB activation. This study indicates that LM extract may be an effective therapeutic agent against inflammatory respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:57:36Z","timestamp":1730368656000},"page":"3732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. Extract Alleviates Airway Inflammation Induced by Particulate Matter Plus Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5712-2215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Young","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4598-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Hyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-9787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Kyung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heung Joo","family":"Yuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1711-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Seon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60898-3","article-title":"Global association of air pollution and heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"382","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","article-title":"A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116090","article-title":"Diesel exhaust particle exposure exacerbates ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the multiciliated bronchial epithelium models","volume":"273","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saba, E., Lee, Y.S., Yang, W.K., Lee, Y.Y., Kim, M., Woo, S.M., Kim, K., Kwon, Y.S., Kim, T.H., and Kwak, D. (2020). Effects of a herbal formulation, KGC3P, and its individual component, nepetin, on coal fly dust-induced airway inflammation. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68965-5"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2022.2054738","article-title":"The complete chloroplast genome of the medicinal plant Lysimachia mauritiana (Lamarck, 1792)","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA B Resour."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.6116\/kjh.2012.27.2.17","article-title":"A herbological study on the native plants of Dokdo island","volume":"27","author":"Roh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korea J. Herbol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)82393-6","article-title":"A flavonol glycoside from Lysimachia mauritiana","volume":"26","author":"Yasukawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6444","article-title":"Inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by an ethanol extract of Lysimachia mauritiana","volume":"15","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-017-7477-1","article-title":"An ethanol extract of Lysimachia mauritiana exhibits inhibitory activity against hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication","volume":"55","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal, D. (2023). Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants (Reference Series in Phytochemistry), Springer International Publishing AG. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-12199-9"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Jwon, H.S. (2012). An amazing herbal medicine with the efficacy of oriental medicine. Iksaeng Yaksul Daejeon, Academic Editing Center. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Herbal Medicine Research Society (2020). Herbal Medicine Encyclopedia, Baekman Munhwasa."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung, Y.Y., Kim, M., Yuk, H.J., Kim, S.H., Yang, W.K., Park, G.D., Kim, K.S., Ham, W.J., and Kim, D.S. (2023). Siraitia grosvenorii extract attenuates airway inflammation in a mouse model of respiratory disease induced by particulate matter 10 plus diesel exhaust particle. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.1788.v1"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M.S., Kim, D.S., Yuk, H.J., Kim, S.H., Yang, W.K., Park, G.D., Kim, K.S., Ham, W.J., and Sung, Y.Y. (2023). Siraitia grosvenorii extract attenuates airway inflammation in a murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020468"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000 Faculty Rev-557","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.18411.1","article-title":"Understanding the role of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory airway disease","volume":"8","author":"Jasper","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandhi, V.D., and Vliagoftis, H. (2015). Secretion of inflammatory mediators containing cytokines and chemokines contribute to the pathology of airway inflammatory response. Front. Immunol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00147"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.115956","article-title":"Tobacco introduced Perilla frutescens and Ocimum basilicum genes attenuates neutrophilic inflammation in lung tissues of COPD rats","volume":"271","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210241","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0241-2021","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic lung disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"31","author":"Keir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.S., Yang, W.K., Park, Y.R., Park, Y.C., Park, I.J., Lee, G.J., Kang, H.S., Kim, B.K., and Kim, S.H. (2022). Opuntia ficus-indica alleviates particulate matter 10 plus diesel exhaust particles (PM10D)-induced airway inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040520"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.S., Park, G.S., Ko, S.H., Yang, W.K., Seo, H.J., Kim, S.H., Jeong, N., and Kang, J. (2023). Lactobacillus paracasei ATG-E1 improves particulate matter 10 plus diesel exhaust particles (PM10D)-induced airway inflammation by regulating immune responses. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1145546"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, S.H., Chung, K.S., Na, C.S., Ahn, H.S., Shin, Y.K., and Lee, K.T. (2023). Ethanol extracts from the aerial parts of Inula japonica and Potentilla chinensis alleviate airway inflammation in mice that inhaled particulate matter 10 and diesel particulate matter. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214599"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S5098","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution exposure: Role in the development and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"4","author":"Ling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2155","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.10.54","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer: Common pathways for pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Parris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00832-3","article-title":"Neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases","volume":"19","author":"Soehnlein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2001.00980.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-a: The role of this multifunctional cytokine in asthma","volume":"79","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001328","article-title":"IL-1\u03b1 modulates neutrophil recruitment in chronic inflammation induced by hydrocarbon oil","volume":"186","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200385","article-title":"IL-17 and TNF\u03b1 sustain neutrophil recruitment during inflammation through synergistic effects on endothelial activation","volume":"188","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1173-x","article-title":"Neutrophils in traumatic brain injury (TBI): Friend or foe?","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9099","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900591106","article-title":"A sensory neuronal ion channel essential for airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma","volume":"106","author":"Caceres","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, I., Kulkarni, A., and Khairatkar-Joshi, N. (2016). Blocking TRPA1 in respiratory disorders: Does it hold a promise?. Pharmaceuticals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph9040070"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000350647","article-title":"Notch signaling downregulates MUC5AC expression in airway epithelial cells through Hes1-dependent mechanisms","volume":"86","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kojima, K., Asai, K., Kubo, H., Sugitani, A., Kyomoto, Y., Okamoto, A., Yamada, K., Ijiri, N., Watanabe, T., and Hirata, K. (2019). Isoflavone aglycones attenuate cigarette smoke-induced emphysema via suppression of neutrophilic inflammation in a COPD murine model. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092023"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00502","article-title":"Flavoalkaloids and Flavonoids from Astragalus monspessulanus","volume":"78","author":"Krasteva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.38.774","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of flavonol glycosides on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion","volume":"38","author":"Yasukawa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2011.637217","article-title":"Study on the phenolic constituents of the flowers and leaves of Trifolium repens L.","volume":"26","author":"Kicel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2012.10.003","article-title":"Cytotoxic triterpene saponins from the underground parts of six Lysimachia L. species","volume":"47","author":"Podolak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153842","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and modulatory effects of steroidal saponins and sapogenins on cytokines: A review of pre-clinical research","volume":"96","author":"Passos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/21\/3732\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:25:25Z","timestamp":1760113525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/21\/3732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16213732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16213732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}}}