{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:39:39Z","timestamp":1784201979604,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Banting and Best Diabetes Centre Charles Hollenberg Summer Studentship","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Mount Saint Vincent University","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis Summer Student Top-Up Award","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Canadian Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Award","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"University of Toronto Department of Nutritional Sciences Fellowship","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Toronto 3D Postdoctoral Fellowship Award","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis Summer Student Scholarship","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Government of Canada","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]},{"name":"Toronto 3D New Investigator Award","award":["476251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["476251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Many clinical practice guidelines recommend dietary pulses for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The impact of extracted pulse proteins remains unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effect of extracted pulse proteins on therapeutic lipid targets. Methods and Findings: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 2024 for trials of \u22653-weeks. The primary outcome was low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The secondary outcomes were other lipid targets. Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses included by pulse type and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results: Seven included trials (14 trial comparisons, n = 453) with a median of 4-weeks duration and dose of 35 g\/day showed that extracted pulse proteins decreased LDL-C by \u22120.23 mmol\/L (95% confidence interval: \u22120.36 to \u22120.10 mmol\/L, p &lt; 0.001). Similar effects were observed for non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. No interactions were found by pulse type. Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by sex, with greater proportions of females seeing greater reductions. GRADE was generally moderate. Conclusions: Extracted pulse proteins likely result in moderate reductions in LDL-C and other lipid targets. Future studies on various types of extracted pulse proteins including assessments by sex are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T11:53:43Z","timestamp":1730462023000},"page":"3765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Extracted Pulse Proteins on Lipid Targets for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6791-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1616-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songhee","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannan M.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Professional Studies, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Ayoub-Charette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5038-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Haintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9851-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue-Tong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmirah","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6483-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Gahagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Office, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher P. F.","family":"Marinangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protein Industries Canada, Regina, SK S4P 1Y1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tauseef Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4199-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Blanco","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2927-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Zurbau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"},{"name":"INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. 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