{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:34:07Z","timestamp":1790278447754,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","award":["RGPIN-2017-04563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-04563"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)","award":["RGPIN-2020-04901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-04901"]}]},{"name":"McGill School of Human Nutrition Development Fund","award":["RGPIN-2017-04563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-04563"]}]},{"name":"McGill School of Human Nutrition Development Fund","award":["RGPIN-2020-04901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-04901"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alterations in maternal lipid metabolism have been elucidated by several studies in relation to macrosomia. However, the lipidome of the intrauterine compartment associated with macrosomia, particularly in early pregnancy, remains largely unknown. Objectives: (1) To compare the lipidomic profile of early 2nd trimester amniotic fluid (AF) of healthy mothers with normal body mass index who gave birth to large-for-gestational age (LGA) versus appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants; and (2) to examine if insulin and glucose concentrations in AF were associated with the AF lipidomic profile. Methods: In this nested case\u2013control study, bio-banked AF samples were collected from pregnant women undergoing routine amniocentesis at 12\u201322 weeks of gestation. A subsample of 15 LGA infants (cases) were contrasted with 15 AGA infants (controls). An untargeted lipidomics analysis using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was conducted. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis) were used to extract differentially abundant (DA) features with high variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. Results: LGA AF was characterized by elevations of 30 phosphatidic acid species. Among other DA features, sphingomyelin (SM 14:0;O2\/20:1) had the highest VIP score and was markedly elevated in LGA AF. Neither insulin nor glucose was associated with 2nd trimester AF lipidomic profiles in these healthy, normal-weight mothers. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence of early dysregulated lipid metabolism in healthy, normal-weight mothers with LGA infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T06:27:39Z","timestamp":1730874459000},"page":"3804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Untargeted Lipidomic Profiling of Amniotic Fluid Reveals Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Normal-Weight Mothers with Fetal Macrosomia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Isra\u2019a","family":"Haj-Husein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stan","family":"Kubow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine G.","family":"Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20279","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal complications of fetal macrosomia: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Beta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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