{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:20:47Z","timestamp":1776205247546,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and various bodily functions through hormone production. Women are particularly susceptible to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and Hashimoto\u2019s disease, with associated symptoms affecting overall well-being. Prior research has inadequately addressed the influence of dietary habits and nutritional knowledge on thyroid health, especially in women. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits and nutritional awareness of women aged 18\u201345 with diagnosed thyroid disorders, emphasizing the effects of education level on knowledge and dietary practices. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 297 women diagnosed with thyroid conditions. The survey assessed demographics, comorbidities, hydration habits, and knowledge about nutrient intake critical for thyroid health. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations. Results: Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto\u2019s disease were most prevalent among younger women (18\u201325 years). A significant association was observed between higher education and knowledge of protein and carbohydrate roles in managing thyroid health (p &lt; 0.01). Women with higher educational backgrounds more frequently used healthier cooking methods and were more informed about beneficial nutrients, including vitamin D and omega-3. A chi-square test indicated that low water intake was significantly associated with comorbid conditions, including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Significant gaps remain in dietary knowledge, particularly concerning protein intake and nutrient\u2013drug interactions, indicating a need for targeted dietary education. Women with higher education demonstrated greater dietary awareness, emphasizing the importance of tailored educational interventions to enhance thyroid disorder management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T12:49:56Z","timestamp":1731415796000},"page":"3862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary Habits, Nutritional Knowledge, and Their Impact on Thyroid Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Gwizdak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patryk","family":"Szlacheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"\u0141askawiec-\u017bu\u0142awi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6588-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Grajek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Krupa-Kotara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3416-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Markowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40007 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Korzonek-Szlacheta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41902 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.4804","article-title":"Evaluation of Gender Inequity in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis: Differences by Sex in US Thyroid Cancer Incidence Compared with a Meta-analysis of Subclinical Thyroid Cancer Rates at Autopsy","volume":"181","author":"LeClair","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"American Thyroid Association (2024, August 20). 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