{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:30:05Z","timestamp":1792794605883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the pathological processes of multiple human diseases. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1, has shown notable anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the major signaling events mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of EPS-LM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell culture. EPS-LM treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also suppressed the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), subsequently delaying the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) to the nucleus. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments demonstrated that EPS-LM inhibited the binding of TLR4 to MyD88. The ability of EPS-LM to inhibit the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway, coupled with its capacity to reduce oxidative stress, underscores its multifaceted anti-inflammatory effects. These effects render EPS-LM as a promising candidate for the comprehensive management of various inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions, protecting against cell damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"3885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cordyceps Cs-HK1 Fungus Exopolysaccharide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Han","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Ting","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Chen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin-Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0143-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai-Yin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5392-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Yong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.029","article-title":"Nonresolving inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Nathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.006","article-title":"Inflammation 2010: New adventures of an old flame","volume":"140","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.01.034","article-title":"Properties of Cordyceps sinensis: A review","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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