{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:50:54Z","timestamp":1789030254316,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and objectives: Drunkorexia is a novel alcohol-related disorder prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Extensive research on the causes and their relationship is lacking. Identifying these aspects could improve early detection and management by healthcare professionals. The aim of this review was to identify the influencing factors of drunkorexia in adolescents and young adults, as well as the main opportunities for action by health professionals. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in June and July 2024 using three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science). A search and review protocol were established and registered in PROSPERO. The research questions were formulated in Patient, Concept, Context (PCC) formats for an adequate literature review. Original articles from January 2008 to July 2024 were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, and doctoral theses or academic texts were excluded. In the screening phase, a methodological assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s (JBI) critical appraisal tools to support study eligibility. Depending on the study design, different checklists were used, and cross-sectional studies that received scores of 4\/8 or higher, quasi-experimental designs that obtained 5\/9 or higher, and qualitative research that obtained 5\/10 or higher were accepted. Results: A total of 1502 studies were initially found. After applying the inclusion\/exclusion criteria, 20 studies were selected. Complications of emotion regulation, both positive and negative metacognitive beliefs, inability to effectively manage stress and anxiety, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, self-discipline and self-control, or differences in social expectations are predisposing factors for drunkorexia. The management of malnutrition and dehydration is an opportunity for clinical professionals to address this problem. In addition, mental health issues can provide another opportunity to manage heavy alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Drunkorexia must be recognized as a new disease to be addressed from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this way, increasing research on this trend would support prevention and intervention strategies. The use of digital platforms is essential for raising social awareness of this negative habit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T04:47:17Z","timestamp":1731646037000},"page":"3894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comprehensive Management of Drunkorexia: A Scoping Review of Influencing Factors and Opportunities for Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Naroa","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de la Rioja, Rioja Health Service, 26001 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Andrade-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8286-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Fagundo-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross University Nursing Centre, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cross University Nursing Centre, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1500470","article-title":"Drunkorexia: A new term and diagnostic criteria","volume":"67","author":"Glassman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2013.792259","article-title":"Appropriate terminology for the alcohol, eating, and physical activity relationship","volume":"61","author":"Barry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"17","article-title":"Drunkorexia: Calorie restriction prior to alcohol consumption among college freshman","volume":"54","author":"Burke","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alcohol. Drug Educ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315573436","article-title":"Exploring the motives and mental health correlates of intentional food restriction prior to alcohol use in university students","volume":"20","author":"Roosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2014.947991","article-title":"\u201cDrunkorexia\u201d: Exploring the who and why of a disturbing trend in college students\u2019 eating and drinking behaviors","volume":"62","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Tata, D., Bianchi, D., Pompili, S., and Laghi, F. (2023). The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol Abuse and Drunkorexia Behaviors in Young Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043466"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1706534","article-title":"Traumatic stress and alcohol-related disordered eating in a college sample","volume":"69","author":"Michael","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/OnlineFirst\/134748","article-title":"Drunkorexia\u2014Knowledge review","volume":"56","author":"Szynal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Polska"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00718-4","article-title":"The association between Food and Alcohol Disturbance (FAD), race, and ethnic identity belonging","volume":"24","author":"Peralta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01321-2","article-title":"Drunkorexia behaviors and motives, eating attitudes and mental health in Lebanese alcohol drinkers: A path analysis model","volume":"27","author":"Malaeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/ap.12462","article-title":"Drunkorexia: An investigation of symptomatology and early maladaptive schemas within a female, young adult Australian population","volume":"55","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (Volume 5), American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12349","article-title":"Effect of a multidisciplinary approach on hospital visit continuation in the treatment of patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"43","author":"Kurata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/fg.2010.002105","article-title":"Collaborative liver and psychiatry care in the Royal Bolton Hospital for people with alcohol-related disease","volume":"2","author":"Moriarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitto, S., Golfieri, L., Caputo, F., Grandi, S., and Andreone, P. (2016). Multidisciplinary View of Alcohol Use Disorder: From a Psychiatric Illness to a Major Liver Disease. Biomolecules, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom6010011"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1157\/13128674","article-title":"Influencia de la derivaci\u00f3n a un Servicio de Medicina Interna en el seguimiento de pacientes alcoh\u00f3licos [Referral to internal medicine for alcoholism: Influence on follow-up care]","volume":"208","author":"Marcos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Espanola"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/CNJ.0000000000001147","article-title":"Understanding Eating Disorders and the Nurse\u2019s Role in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Support","volume":"41","author":"Cole","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Christ. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Federaci\u00f3n Nacional de Enfermos y Trasplantados Hep\u00e1ticos (FNETH) (2023). Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas Enfermeras: Detecci\u00f3n Precoz de Consumo de Alcohol, Delegaci\u00f3n del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agaa052","article-title":"Make Mission Impossible Feasible: The Experience of a Multidisciplinary Team Providing Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder to Homeless Individuals","volume":"55","author":"Dionisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"141","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews","volume":"13","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Implement."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00123","article-title":"Recommendations for the extraction, analysis, and presentation of results in scoping reviews","volume":"21","author":"Pollock","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Synth."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris, E., Lockwood, C., Porritt, K., Pilla, B., and Jordan, Z. (2024). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzi, V., Hallit, S., Malaeb, D., Obeid, S., and Brytek-Matera, A. (2021). Drunkorexia and emotion regulation and emotion regulation difficulties: The mediating effect of disordered eating attitudes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052690"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.01.001","article-title":"Drunkorexia among adolescents: The role of motivations and emotion regulation","volume":"29","author":"Pompili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2020.1756709","article-title":"Dysfunctional metacognition processes as risk factors for drunkorexia during adolescence","volume":"38","author":"Laghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00675-y","article-title":"Psychological characteristics and eating attitudes in adolescents with drunkorexia behavior: An exploratory study","volume":"25","author":"Laghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2020.1869743","article-title":"Drunkorexia: An Examination of the Role of Theory of Mind and Emotional Awareness among Adolescents","volume":"46","author":"Laghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00912-9","article-title":"Exploring the association between psychological distress and drunkorexia behaviors in non-clinical adolescents: The moderating role of emotional dysregulation","volume":"26","author":"Laghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1705834","article-title":"Baseline cortisol predicts drunkorexia in female but not male college students","volume":"69","author":"Oswald","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12594","article-title":"\u201c\u2026 because I\u2019m so drunk at the time, the last thing I\u2019m going to think about is calories\u201d: Strengthening the argument for Drunkorexia as a food and alcohol disturbance, evidence from a qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Vogt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Drunkorexia: Is it really \u201cjust\u201d a university lifestyle choice?","volume":"26","author":"Griffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00784-8","article-title":"Examining the role of body esteem and sensation seeking in drunkorexia behaviors","volume":"25","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0429-2","article-title":"Drunkorexia: An emerging trend in young adults","volume":"22","author":"Lupi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-0545-7","article-title":"Gender differences in relations between alcohol-related compensatory behavior and eating pathology","volume":"24","author":"Gorrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2015.04.003","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors scales","volume":"18","author":"Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2020.101410","article-title":"Reexamination of the psychometric properties of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) and exploration of alternative scoring","volume":"38","author":"Choquette","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-023-01622-8","article-title":"French validation of the Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) in a university student sample","volume":"28","author":"Ritz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Moreno, M., Garc\u00e9s-Rim\u00f3n, M., Miguel, M., and L\u00f3pez, M.T.I. (2021). Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Alcohol Consumption and Emotional Eating in Spanish University Students. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093174"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1409766","article-title":"Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model to Address Drunkorexia among College Students","volume":"53","author":"Glassman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2020.1748862","article-title":"Sex and Racial Differences in Patterns of Disordered Eating and Alcohol Use","volume":"47","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2020.101409","article-title":"Emotion dysregulation as a correlate of food and alcohol disturbance in undergraduate students","volume":"38","author":"Horvath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.112429","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions to enhance initiation of and adherence to treatment for alcohol use disorders","volume":"263","author":"Biswal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111406","article-title":"Integrated behavioral interventions for adults with alcohol use disorder: A systematic review","volume":"263","author":"Hallihan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209227","article-title":"Affective and cognitive Theory of Mind in patients with alcohol use disorder: Associations with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization","volume":"157","author":"Knopp","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use Addict. Treat."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0b013e3181daa567","article-title":"Alcohol and Athletic Performance","volume":"14","author":"Volpe","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACSM\u2019S Health Fit. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.08.113","article-title":"Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers","volume":"118","author":"Wiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"43","article-title":"Panorama de pr\u00e1cticas de alimentaci\u00f3n de adolescentes escolarizados","volume":"27","author":"Osorio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Av. en Enfermer\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"609","article-title":"La educaci\u00f3n ante el consumo de riesgo de bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas: Propuesta de actuaci\u00f3n multidisciplinar desde el profesional de la salud. [Education facing risk consumption of alcoholic beverages\u2014A proposal for multidisciplinary action from the health care professionals]","volume":"37","author":"Amezcua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.10.003","article-title":"Social media and college student risk behaviors: A mini-review","volume":"65","author":"Groth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390319872536","article-title":"Nurse-Led Delivery of Brief Interventions for At-Risk Alcohol Use: An Integrative Review","volume":"26","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychiatr. Nurses Assoc."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"53","article-title":"Abuso Alcolico Negli Adolescenti. Analisi di un Problema Trascurato [Alcohol Abuse in Teenagers. Analysis of a Neglected Problem]","volume":"6","author":"Barilati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child. Nurses: Ital. J. Pediatr. Nurs. Sci.\/Inferm. Dei Bambini: G. Ital. Di Sci. Inferm. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.759016","article-title":"Brief Intervention and Social Work: A Primer for Practice and Policy","volume":"28","author":"Cochran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Work Public Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774675","article-title":"Substance use disorders and anxiety: A treatment challenge for social workers","volume":"28","author":"Brady","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Work Public Health"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/1455072520954328","article-title":"The Finnish Drinking Habits Survey: Implications for alcohol policy and prevention","volume":"37","author":"Warpenius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nord. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"55","article-title":"Desafios na adop\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas p\u00fablicas para a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do consumo de \u00e1lcool em jovens","volume":"17","author":"Picoito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psilogos"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/15504260802086677","article-title":"Drunkorexia","volume":"4","author":"Chambers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/22\/3894\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T09:14:39Z","timestamp":1760433279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/22\/3894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16223894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16223894","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]}}}