{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:28:53Z","timestamp":1779312533872,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D can influence athletic performance and infection risk. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status, hematochemical factors, anthropometric and performance parameters, and dietary habits in runners (n = 23) and sedentary healthy individuals (non-runners, n = 22) during the autumn season. Methods: Both groups had their serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (ng\/mL) levels, blood and performance parameters, and dietary habits measured. Results: Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in non-runners (runners: males 30.0 \u00b1 5.6, females 31.2 \u00b1 5.2 vs. non-runners: males, 22.8 \u00b1 6.5, females 24.7 \u00b1 6.5 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001). White blood cells, monocyte, and neutrophil levels were higher in non-runners for both males and females. Among the subjects, 23 had optimal vitamin D levels (&gt;29 ng\/mL), while 22 had insufficient\/deficient levels (&lt;29 ng\/mL), with a higher prevalence of insufficiency in non-runners compared to runners (63.6% vs. 34.8%; p = 0.053). Maximal isometric force and jump height were equal in both groups, but VO2max was higher in runners. Linear regression analysis identified monocyte count as the only predictor of vitamin D levels for both males (y = \u221224.452 x + 40.520; R2 = 0.200; p = 0.015) and females (y = \u221233.409 x + 45.240; R2 = 0.368; p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study highlights significant differences in vitamin D status between runners and non-runners, with runners exhibiting higher serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels, although this finding is likely due to the increased sun exposure that runners receive. It also provides valuable insights into the vitamin D status of healthy young sedentary individuals and runners, enhancing the understanding of how physical activity influences vitamin D levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1731996414000},"page":"3912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Snapshot of Vitamin D Status, Performance, Blood Markers, and Dietary Habits in Runners and Non-Runners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6788-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pegreffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5879-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Donati Zeppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7112-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Gervasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4407-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneko","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giosu\u00e8","family":"Annibalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Bartolacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9257-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"Formiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0225-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Sestili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilberto","family":"Stocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences for the Promotion of Quality of Life, University San Raffaele, 20132 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Grazia","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agostini, D., and Donati Zeppa, S. 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