{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:22Z","timestamp":1787029222432,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSPD2024R1057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSPD2024R1057"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The use of dietary supplements (DSs) has become common among fitness enthusiasts, aiming to enhance performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Beni Mellal from April to July 2024, assessed dietary practices, motivations for supplement use, and associated adverse effects among 420 survey participants. Results: The majority of dietary supplement users were aged 25\u201364 and had higher education levels. Colopathy (67.38%) was the most common eating disorder, followed by digestive (59.46%), inflammatory, and rheumatic diseases (53.50%). Dietary supplementation prevalence was 88.1%, with proteins (60.81%), medicinal plants (45.13%), and vitamins (42.70%) being the most consumed. Key motivations included supporting muscle, bone, and joint strength (musculoskeletal) (83.78%) and enhancing heart and lung function for cardiorespiratory health (82.43%). However, 28% of protein users experienced adverse effects, such as myalgia, gastralgia, palpitations, and insomnia. Multivariate linear regression indicated a significant negative association of creatine with effectiveness (\u03b2 = \u22120.485, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, while the benefits of dietary and sports practices are evident, the adverse effects associated with protein supplements highlight the necessity for enhanced nutrivigilance and nutritional education to ensure safe supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1731996414000},"page":"3928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fitness and Dietary Supplements: A Cross-Sectional Study on Food Practices and Nutrivigilance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1580-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Galman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1782-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mourad","family":"Chikhaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20023, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bouhrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 83, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 83, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaaty A.","family":"Shahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashed N.","family":"Herqash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saudi University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Lotfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hind","family":"Belamgharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoud","family":"Daoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Pathophysiology Team, Center for Human Pathologies Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morad","family":"Kaddouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charaf","family":"Dlimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4105-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Alahyane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habiba","family":"Liba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Marrakesh, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Reda Kachmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"},{"name":"Valorization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Environment Team, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Boutoial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Svova, A.H. 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