{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:12:31Z","timestamp":1785870751056,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study focused on a group of 22 elite male mountain runners from Brazil (average age of 35.9 \u00b1 6.5 years) with the objective of exploring the possible roles of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I\/D, and CK MM A\/G NcoI genetic variants in shaping electrochemical profiles and maintaining acid-base homeostasis during a 105-km ultramarathon. Methods: Genotyping for each polymorphism (ACTN3: RR, RX, XX; ACE: DD, ID, II; CK MM: AA, AG, GG) was conducted using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), and saliva samples were used to obtain DNA. Analyses of electrochemical and acid-base disturbances were performed in real time. Results: It was observed that athletes who completed the race in less time had lower calcium concentrations (Rs = 0.35; p = 0.016). Pre-race, the RX genotype showed a 14.19% reduction in potassium levels compared to RR (p = 0.01). The GG genotype showed potassium levels 19.36% higher than AA (p = 0.01) and a 6.11% increase in hematocrit values compared to AA (p = 0.03). Additionally, the AG genotype exhibited hematocrit values 5.44% higher than AA (p = 0.03). Post-race, the XX genotype demonstrated higher hematocrit values compared to RX, with an increase of 8.92% (p = 0.03). The II genotype showed a 0.27% increase in pH compared to ID (p = 0.02) and a 20.42% reduction in carbon dioxide levels (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the impact of the examined polymorphisms on the modulation of electrochemical factors and the maintenance of acid-base equilibrium in athletes during 105 km ultramarathons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1731996414000},"page":"3945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marcelo Romanovitch","family":"Ribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Industrial Informatics, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80230901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Kurt","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Industrial Informatics, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80230901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danieli Isabel Romanovitch","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Laboratory, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Aut\u00f4nomo do Brasil (UniBrasil), Curitiba 82821020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4100-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgian","family":"Badicu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Bra\u015fov, 500068 Bra\u015fov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Bonatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81310900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca Paolo","family":"Ardig\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, 0166 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio Cesar","family":"Bassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81310900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1096-0980","article-title":"Defining Off-road Running: A Position Statement from the Ultra Sports Science Foundation","volume":"41","author":"Scheer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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