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This review explores AKG\u2019s potential therapeutic applications in skeletal muscle health and exercise performance, focusing on its mechanisms for promoting muscle regeneration and counteracting muscle atrophy. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, yielding 945 articles published up to 31 October 2024. Of these, 112 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria and formed the basis of this review. AKG supports muscle recovery by stimulating muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and macrophage polarization, aiding muscle repair and reducing fibrosis. Additionally, AKG shows promise in preventing muscle atrophy by enhancing protein synthesis, inhibiting degradation pathways, and modulating inflammatory responses, making it relevant in conditions like sarcopenia, cachexia, and injury recovery. For athletes and active individuals, AKG supplementation has enhanced endurance, reduced fatigue, and supported faster post-exercise recovery. Despite promising preliminary findings, research gaps remain in understanding AKG\u2019s long-term effects, optimal dosage, and specific pathways, particularly across diverse populations. Further research, including large-scale clinical trials, is essential to clarify AKG\u2019s role in muscle health and to optimize its application as a therapeutic agent for skeletal muscle diseases and an enhancer of physical performance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of AKG\u2019s benefits and identify future directions for research in both clinical and sports settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T09:14:38Z","timestamp":1732094078000},"page":"3968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Impact of Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Skeletal Muscle Health and Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"},{"name":"South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurhaluk, N. 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