{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:20:57Z","timestamp":1785795657647,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Identifying nutritional interventions in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants (&lt;1000 g) that are associated with favorable clinical outcomes is important. Delayed enteral feeding initiation (&gt;3 days) has been associated with increased odds of developing morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between hour of life at enteral feeding initiation and associated clinical outcomes. Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective chart review evaluated ELBW infants. Birth acuity was evaluated using CRIB II scoring and incidence of various morbidities (bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP)) and mortality was assessed after adjustment. p &lt; 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: A total of 27\/61 (44.3%) initiated enteral feeding &lt;12 h of life. CRIB II scores were lower in infants with earlier enteral feeding initiation. There were no statistical differences in NEC, SIP, or death between categories of hour of life at enteral feeding initiation. After adjusting for CRIB II scores, enteral feeding initiation \u226512 h of life was associated with more days receiving oxygen &gt;21% inspired air (\u03b2 = 32.7; p = 0.040), approximately 7-fold higher odds of developing moderate\/severe BPD (95% CI 1.2.8\u201338.28; p = 0.025), and 9-fold higher odds of being discharged home while receiving oxygen therapy (95% CI 1.03\u201379.81; p = 0.047). Conclusions: Timing of enteral feeding initiation may be delayed in ELBW infants with higher clinical acuity, yet later initiation by hour of life is associated with worsened clinical respiratory outcomes. Early initiation within the first 12 h of life is feasible and was not associated with gastrointestinal morbidity in this single-center cohort of ELBW infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1732597613000},"page":"4041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hour of Life at Enteral Feeding Initiation and Associated Clinical Morbidity in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Thoene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8496-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Anderson-Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, M., Kato, S., Saito, M., Miyahara, N., Arai, H., Namba, F., Ota, E., and Nakanishi, H. 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