{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:00:16Z","timestamp":1788274816566,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Inflammation and immunological dysregulation are central to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex autoimmune disease. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the potential role of dietary factors in SLE. This study aimed to explore the relationship between diet and SLE by addressing patient needs, conducting a systematic review, and providing guidance to the patient community. Methods: This four-step study started with a survey of patients with SLE that was conducted to gather frequently asked questions (FAQs) related to diet. Using the PICO framework, two comprehensive systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed to address these FAQs. Subsequently, the evidence retrieved was used to answer FAQs and provide guidance to people with SLE. A second survey was conducted to gather patient feedback on the topics and guidance provided. Results: A literature review of 28 systematic reviews was performed, evaluating the impact of diet on inflammation, immune response, and health outcomes in SLE patients. The review focused on key nutritional elements, including vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin supplements, and low-calorie or low-glycemic index diets. Seven guidance statements were developed based on these findings. All the answers provided were positively assessed by participants. Conclusions: This patient-centered study improves our understanding of the diet\u2013SLE relationship through systematic reviews and patient feedback. While specific dietary recommendations for SLE are not yet established, patient input underscores the need for ongoing research to optimize treatment strategies and quality of life for those with SLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1732849028000},"page":"4132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Interconnection Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Diet: Unmet Needs, Available Evidence, and Guidance\u2014A Patient-Driven, Multistep-Approach Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savino","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, 10154 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, 10154 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Roccatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley, San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, 10154 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-Net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00398-2","article-title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"403","author":"Hoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1191\/9612332lu155oa","article-title":"Baseline Characteristics of a Multiethnic Lupus Cohort: PROFILE","volume":"11","author":"McGwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesqueda-Cendejas, K., Campos-L\u00f3pez, B., Mora-Garc\u00eda, P.E., Moreno-Ortiz, J.M., and De la Cruz-Mosso, U. 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