{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:37:07Z","timestamp":1792103827124,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, the gluten-free diet (GFD) has become much more than the dietary treatment for celiac disease. Due to its presumed beneficial effects even in non-celiac subjects, it has become a new fashion statement and it is promoted by some healthcare professionals, social media and marketing strategists. On the other hand, regardless of a proper medical indication, a GFD may present side effects, such as poor palatability, high costs and socio-psychological adversities. Moreover, it can be an obstacle to correct clinical practice and may induce nutritional deficiency due to a low-quality diet. In addition, a GFD can trigger or exacerbate many irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like disorders in predisposed subjects: reactivity to dietary nickel, the increased consumption of FODMAP-rich foods and histamine intolerance seem to frequently play a relevant role. The possible intersections between high-risk foods in these categories of patients, as well as the possible overlaps among IBS-like disorders during GFD, are described. In conclusion, it is advisable to undergo a careful clinical evaluation by a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist (in some cases, also a psychotherapist) before starting and during a GFD, because both benefits and risks are possible. It is also important to take into account IBS-like disorders that can be exacerbated by a GFD and that are still underestimated today.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T08:17:49Z","timestamp":1733732269000},"page":"4236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gluten-Free Diet for Fashion or Necessity? Review with New Speculations on Irritable Bowel Syndrome-like Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4091-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Borghini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stella Maris S.T.P.\u2014Gastroenterology Unit, Via Giuseppe Prina, 8, 00139 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Spagnuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00155 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00155 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Borghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stella Maris S.T.P.\u2014Food and Human Nutrition Unit, 00139 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caio, G., Volta, U., Sapone, A., Leffler, D.A., De Giorgio, R., Catassi, C., and Fasano, A. 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