{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:08:25Z","timestamp":1790104105472,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["RS-2023-00227274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00227274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Functional probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001, have shown potential as a therapeutic option for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, their effects have not been confirmed in in vivo systems. Here, we investigated the effects of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, MASLD, and lipid metabolism in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Methods: The mice were divided into four groups (n = 12 per group)\u2014normal chow diet (NCD), high fat diet (HFD), HFD with L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 (LL), and HFD with resmetirom (positive control (PC), a thyroid receptor \u03b2 agonist). The experimental animals were fed NCD or HFD for 12 weeks, followed by an additional 12-week oral treatment with LL or resmetirom. Results: LL supplementation reduced body weight, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR compared with those in the HFD group, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Additionally, LL reduced serum triglyceride (TG) levels without affecting total cholesterol (TC) levels. HFD consumption increased liver weight and hepatic TG and TC levels, indicating ectopic fat accumulation; however, LL supplementation reversed these changes, indicating a liver-specific effect on cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, LL administration attenuated NAFLD activity scores, reduced hepatic fibrosis, improved liver function markers (aspartate aminotransferase), and enhanced Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. However, LL did not considerably affect the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. In epididymal adipose tissue, LL treatment reduced leptin levels but had no effect on adiponectin; additionally, histological analysis showed an increase in adipocyte size, potentially linked to enhanced energy metabolism. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that LL could be a promising therapeutic candidate for improving insulin sensitivity, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and mitigating MASLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1733829440000},"page":"4260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 Ameliorates Metabolic Complications in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7586-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsoo","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1905-938X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunchae","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Microbiome Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeryang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-7124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Hun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Heun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706978","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.706978","article-title":"Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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