{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:29:11Z","timestamp":1792301351305,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obesity and related health challenges remain significant concerns in Cyprus and Greece. Mindful eating (ME) has emerged as a behavioral approach to address these issues, yet its relationship with BMI, vitamin D levels, and sleep duration in Mediterranean populations is underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to examine associations between ME subcategories (Awareness, Distraction, Disinhibition, Emotional, and External Cues), BMI, vitamin D levels, and sleep duration among Cypriot and Greek adults across two cohorts. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with data collected in 2022 (N1 = 438) and 2023 (N2 = 174). Participants completed the validated Cyprus Mindful Eating Questionnaire (CyMEQ). Vitamin D levels, sleep duration, and BMI were self-reported. Statistical analyses included Mann\u2013Whitney U Tests for ME subcategory comparisons, chi-square tests for categorical variables, and Spearman correlations to examine associations. Results: Significant differences were found between cohorts in ME subcategories, with N1 scoring higher in Awareness [Median (IQR): 2.60 (2.20\u20133.00) vs. 2.00 (1.80\u20132.30), p = 0.02], Disinhibition [2.70 (2.50\u20133.00) vs. 2.50 (2.20\u20132.70), p = 0.03], and External Cues [2.50 (2.10\u20132.90) vs. 2.10 (1.80\u20132.50), p = 0.01]. ME scores were negatively correlated with BMI (r = \u22120.25, p = 0.01) and positively associated with vitamin D levels and sleep duration. Differences in vitamin D supplementation practices were observed across groups; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Conclusions: ME behaviors, particularly Awareness and Disinhibition, are associated with BMI, highlighting their potential in obesity management. The interplay between ME, vitamin D, and sleep underscores the need for integrative health interventions in Mediterranean populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1734086052000},"page":"4308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mindful Eating, BMI, Sleep, and Vitamin D: A Cross-Sectional Study of Cypriot and Greek Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0449-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Andreou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, P.O. Box 28823, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus"},{"name":"MAZI-Eating Disorder and Obesity Foundation in Cyprus, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Mouski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, P.O. Box 28823, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evridiki","family":"Georgaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAZI-Eating Disorder and Obesity Foundation in Cyprus, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus"},{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayia","family":"Andreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, P.O. Box 28823, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus"},{"name":"MAZI-Eating Disorder and Obesity Foundation in Cyprus, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoforos","family":"Christoforou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Abboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University (Dubai Campus), Dubai P.O. Box 19282, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Persa","family":"Korfiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"MAZI-Eating Disorder and Obesity Foundation in Cyprus, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fani","family":"Kaxiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Philippou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, P.O. Box 28823, Nicosia 2083, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papandreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4045-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Papaneophytou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2024). 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