{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:38:15Z","timestamp":1790199495194,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health Division of Cancer Prevention and Control","award":["R25 CA47888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 CA47888"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to DNA damage by generating cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). UVB-induced CPDs can also result in immune suppression, which is a major risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). UVB-induced CPDs are repaired by nucleotide repair mechanisms (NER) mediated by xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of TH as a chemopreventive agent against the development of skin cancer. Method: SKH-1 hairless mice were exposed were fed with TH (0.1% v\/v) for two weeks and exposed to a single dose of UVB (180 mJ\/cm2). Dorsal skin was harvested 24 h post-UVB exposure for evaluation of DNA damage and repair. Lymph nodes were also harvested to prepare single cell suspension for flow cytometric evaluation. For carcinogenesis experiments, SKH-1 hairless mice were given TH (0.1% v\/v) ad libitum and exposed to UVB (180 mJ\/cm2) thrice a week for 30 weeks. Results: Feeding SKH-1 hairless mice with TH (0.1% v\/v) for two weeks prior to a single dose of UVB (180 mJ\/cm2) led to a significant increase in XPA in skin and DNA repair cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, when subjected to the photocarcinogenesis protocol; mice fed with TH developed significantly fewer tumors in comparison to mice fed on drinking water. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that TH has a protective effect against UVB-induced DNA damage, immune suppression, and skin cancer. Future studies will further investigate the potential of TH as a preventive treatment for NMSC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:08:53Z","timestamp":1734343733000},"page":"4314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tualang Honey Has a Protective Effect Against Photodamage and Skin Cancer: An In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5317-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Asif","family":"Sherwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6164-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israr","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Omar","family":"Jasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariq","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabiha","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1187","article-title":"Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (Keratinocyte Carcinomas) in the U.S. Population, 2012","volume":"151","author":"Rogers","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00412.x","article-title":"Systemic strategies for chemoprevention of skin cancers in transplant recipients","volume":"19","author":"Kovach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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