{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:41:16Z","timestamp":1792856476909,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81703222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is highly prevalent in patients with breast cancer, resulting in undesirable outcomes and even reduced survival rates. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between dietary quality and CRF in patients with breast cancer, and the potential role of gut microbiota (GM) in this association. Methods: Dietary intake and CRF were evaluated in 342 patients, with 64 fecal samples collected for 16sRNA sequencing and 106 plasma samples for tryptophan (TRP) metabolite determination. Results: A total of 149 (43.6%) patients experienced CRF, which was significantly associated with low intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin E, dietary fiber, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, and copper (p &lt; 0.05), and a remarkably low Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) score (p &lt; 0.05). CRF patients had decreased GM diversity, an unhealthier GM composition, lower TRP concentrations, and a higher kynurenine (KYN)\/TRP ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that both the Sobs index (ACME = \u22120.0005; 95% CI \u22120.0051, \u22120.0001; p = 0.034) and the Chao index (ACME = \u22120.0005; 95% CI \u22120.0050, \u22120.0001; p = 0.033) were significant mediators of the correlation between total CHEI score and CRF. Conclusions: The presence of CRF in patients with breast cancer might be correlated with inadequate nutrient intake and low dietary quality via GM-dependent pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T03:59:43Z","timestamp":1734580783000},"page":"4371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Mediating Role of Gut Microbiota on the Association Between Dietary Quality and Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianyun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1084-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.100826","article-title":"Fatigue in breast cancer patients on adjuvant treatment: Course and prevalence","volume":"18","author":"Manir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_151_19","article-title":"Perception, magnitude, and implications of cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors: Study from a developing country","volume":"17","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"653","article-title":"Predictors of Survival in Stage IV Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"30","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, S., Xu, Y., Zhu, X., Lam, A., Yi, D., Gong, L., Wang, J., Guo, X., Fu, L., and Shi, J. (2023). Characteristics of cancer-related fatigue and its correlation with anxiety, depression, and stress-related hormones among Chinese cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1194673"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.02.016","article-title":"Cancer-related fatigue: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"31","author":"Fabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2020.07.011","article-title":"Cancer-related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab360","article-title":"Longitudinal associations of fiber, vegetable, and fruit intake with quality of life and fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors up to 24 months posttreatment","volume":"115","author":"Kenkhuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.36.4109","article-title":"Fatigue, Inflammation, and \u03c9-3 and \u03c9-6 Fatty Acid Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors","volume":"30","author":"Alfano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2015.1040520","article-title":"Low Recent Protein Intake Predicts Cancer-Related Fatigue and Increased Mortality in Patients with Advanced Tumor Disease Undergoing Chemotherapy","volume":"67","author":"Schulzke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2018.1513046","article-title":"Nutritional Interventions for Treating Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Qualitative Review","volume":"71","author":"Inglis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha\u00df, U., Herpich, C., and Norman, K. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Fatigue. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102315"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-014-0381-3","article-title":"Better postdiagnosis diet quality is associated with less cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors","volume":"8","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cancer Surviv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, Y.Q., Li, F., Wu, H., Wang, Y.C., Chen, J.S., He, G.S., Li, S.G., and Chen, B. (2018). Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Chinese Healthy Eating Index. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020114"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/CEJ.0000000000000705","article-title":"Index-based dietary patterns and stomach cancer in a Chinese population","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03321-7","article-title":"Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and risk of diabetes in Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, H., He, G., Li, S., and Chen, B. (2021). Association between Dietary Patterns and Frailty Prevalence in Shanghai Suburban Elders: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010852"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2022.09.002","article-title":"Tryptophan and Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Psychoneurological Symptoms Among Breast Cancer Survivors","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Manag. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platten, M., Kurz, K., Fiegl, M., Holzner, B., Giesinger, J., Pircher, M., Weiss, G., Denz, H.A., and Fuchs, D. (2012). Fatigue in Patients with Lung Cancer Is Related with Accelerated Tryptophan Breakdown. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036956"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, Y., Li, J., and Ying, S. (2023). Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13111166"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0061-2","article-title":"You are what you eat: Diet, health and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Zmora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12420","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic derangements in Mediterranean cancer patients and survivors: The ECPC 2016 survey","volume":"10","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.037","article-title":"Prevalence of Fatigue in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Tanash","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.14.3385","article-title":"Cancer-related fatigue: Prevalence of proposed diagnostic criteria in a United States sample of cancer survivors","volume":"19","author":"Cella","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeh, E.T., Lau, S.C., Su, W.J., Tsai, D.J., Tu, Y.Y., and Lai, Y.L. (2011). An examination of cancer-related fatigue through proposed diagnostic criteria in a sample of cancer patients in Taiwan. BMC Cancer, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-387"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, Y.Q., Li, F., Dong, R.H., Chen, J.S., He, G.S., Li, S.G., and Chen, B. (2017). The Development of a Chinese Healthy Eating Index and Its Application in the General Population. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090977"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"eCristiani, C.M., Capone, M., Garofalo, C., Madonna, G., Mallardo, D., Tuffanelli, M., Vanella, V., Greco, M., Foti, D.P., and Viglietto, G. (2022). Altered Frequencies and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma Patients Are Modulated by Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.811131"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22274","article-title":"A population-based study of the impact of specific symptoms on quality of life in women with breast cancer 1 year after diagnosis","volume":"107","author":"Arndt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajj, A., Chamoun, R., Salameh, P., Khoury, R., Hachem, R., Sacre, H., Chahine, G., Kattan, J., and Rabbaa Khabbaz, L. (2022). Fatigue in breast cancer patients on chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study exploring clinical, biological, and genetic factors. BMC Cancer, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-09072-0"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3581","article-title":"Determinants of long-term fatigue in breast cancer survivors: Results of a prospective patient cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.08.012","article-title":"Fatigue and depression in disease-free breast cancer survivors: Prevalence, correlates, and association with quality of life","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2020.100638","article-title":"Nutritional assessment and risk factors associated to malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"45","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0245-4","article-title":"Cancer-associated malnutrition","volume":"72","author":"Baracos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2012.01368.x","article-title":"Diet components associated with perceived fatigue in breast cancer survivors","volume":"22","author":"Guest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care Engl."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shams-White, M.M., Brockton, N.T., Mitrou, P., Romaguera, D., Brown, S., Bender, A., Kahle, L.L., and Reedy, J. (2019). Operationalizing the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF\/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations: A Standardized Scoring System. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071572"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnish, M., Sheikh, M., and Scholey, A. (2023). Nutrient Therapy for the Improvement of Fatigue Symptoms. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092154"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, B., Liu, Y.H., Stampley, J., Wood, G.C., Mitchell, D.C., Jensen, G.L., Gao, X., Glynn, N.W., Still, C.D., and Irving, B.A. (2021). The Association between Poor Diet Quality, Physical Fatigability and Physical Function in the Oldest-Old from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study. Geriatrics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6020041"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-019-1334-5","article-title":"Pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduce the severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients: A randomized, controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Sayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2023.2173259","article-title":"A remote Whole Food Dietary Intervention to Reduce Fatigue and Improve Diet Quality in Lymphoma Survivors: Results of a Feasibility Pilot Study","volume":"75","author":"Weinhold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giloteaux, L., Goodrich, J.K., Walters, W.A., Levine, S.M., Ley, R.E., and Hanson, M.R. (2016). Reduced diversity and altered composition of the gut microbiome in individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. Microbiome, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0171-4"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12684","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12684","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiota in development, function and disorders of the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system","volume":"31","author":"Heiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maitiniyazi, G., Cao, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Gu, D., Li, T., and Xia, S. (2022). Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Association between Diet and Depressive Symptoms in Breast Cancer. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061186"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"23","author":"Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05820-3","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in cancer-related fatigue: Pilot study on epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3568-5","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition associated with alterations in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychosocial outcomes among breast cancer survivors","volume":"25","author":"Paulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"6375876","article-title":"The Role of Gut Microbiome Perturbation in Fatigue Induced by Repeated Stress from Chemoradiotherapy: A Proof of Concept Study","volume":"2020","author":"Lyon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i5.84","article-title":"Prospects for clinical applications of butyrate-producing bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riviere, A., Selak, M., Lantin, D., Leroy, F., and De Vuyst, L. (2016). Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00979"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Qian, L., Chu, J., Liu, Y., Maitiniyazi, G., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., He, J., Cheng, L., and Ou, M. (2023). Diet Is Associated with Frailty in Lung Cancer: A Possible Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194298"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.031","article-title":"Gut microbiome and serum metabolome analyses identify molecular biomarkers and altered glutamate metabolism in fibromyalgia","volume":"46","author":"Abecia","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12760","article-title":"The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"151","author":"Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofer, U. (2014). Microbiome: Pro-inflammatory Prevotella?. Nat. Reviews. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3180"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.06.011","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer-related fatigue: Mechanisms, contributing factors, and treatment implications","volume":"30","author":"Bower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillemin, G.J., Foss\u00e5, A., Smeland, K.H., Fluge, \u00d8., Tronstad, K.J., Loge, J.H., Midttun, \u00d8., Ueland, P.M., and Kiserud, C.E. (2020). Metabolic analysis of amino acids and vitamin B6 pathways in lymphoma survivors with cancer related chronic fatigue. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227384"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112849","article-title":"Whey protein isolate attenuates depression-like behavior developed in a mouse model of breast tumor","volume":"169","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gazi, M.A., Siddique, M.A., Alam, M.A., Hossaini, F., Hasan, M.M., Fahim, S.M., Wahid, B.Z., Kabir, M.M., Das, S., and Mahfuz, M. (2022). Plasma Kynurenine to Tryptophan Ratio Is Not Associated with Undernutrition in Adults but Reduced after Nutrition Intervention: Results from a Community-Based Study in Bangladesh. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091708"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.08.001","article-title":"The Genome Sequence Archive Family: Toward Explosive Data Growth and Diverse Data Types","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab951","article-title":"Database Resources of the National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation in 2022","volume":"50","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/24\/4371\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:09Z","timestamp":1760115309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/24\/4371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16244371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16244371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}}}