{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:41:49Z","timestamp":1760146909623,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group","award":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III through CIBEROBN","award":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003759","name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aesku.Diagnostics GmbH","award":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB12\/03\/30038","CPGI\/007\/2020","P2011600273"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: An optimal physical condition has beneficial effects in adults at risk of chronic diseases. However, research data on how adverse reactions to food (ARFSs) are linked to physical performance are lacking. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the prevalence of ARFS according to age; (b) to analyze physical performance level according to the type of ARFS; and (c) to determine the probability of having a positive ARFS according to physical performance levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 254 Spanish adults (61% women; mean age 43.7 \u00b1 13 y) scoring \u2265 6 in PSIMP-ARFSQ-10 (pathologies and symptomatology questionnaire associated with adverse reactions to foodstuffs) was conducted in the region of Madrid, Spain, following the ALASKA study protocol. Immune-mediated variables used to measure ARFS were sIgE and sIgG4 antibody reactions (AbR) (type 1 and type 2 food hypersensitivities, respectively); non-immune-mediated variables used to measure ARFS were lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption. Physical performance variables were body balance, leg power, sit-to-stand speed, resting heart rate, handgrip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The most prevalent sIgE- and sIgG4-mediated ARFSs were against legumes (53% and 46%; 60% and 68% in subjects with \u226445 y and &gt;45 y, respectively). Handgrip strength was significantly lower in subjects positive for lactose intolerance compared to subjects negative for lactose intolerance (p &lt; 0.05). Both the positive mean sIgE and sIgG4 AbR were significantly associated with high physical performance (p &lt; 0.05). Subjects with high physical performance showed a 1.5-fold increase in the odds of the positive mean total sIgE and positive sIgG4 AbR against legumes. Conclusions: In conclusion, subjects aged 45 or younger had a higher prevalence of total type 1 and type 2 food hypersensitivities than subjects older than 45 y. Positive lactose intolerance was linked to lower values of handgrip strength. Subjects with high physical performance, whether male or female, aged \u226445 years, or with a BMI of \u226525, showed significant odds of experiencing type 1 food hypersensitivity to nuts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T04:07:40Z","timestamp":1734667660000},"page":"4384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is There a Relationship Between Physical Performance Factors and Adverse Reactions to Foodstuffs? The ALASKA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1469-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisset","family":"Pantoja-Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Gesteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songxin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Urrialde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition-CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14468","article-title":"Global implementation of the World Health Organization\u2019s International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11: The allergic and hypersensitivity conditions model","volume":"75","author":"Tanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15560","article-title":"Frequency of food allergy in Europe: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Spolidoro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08307-2","article-title":"The multifactorial approach and the food allergen-specific substitutive diet as a tool to manage and ameliorate adverse reactions to foodstuffs in adulthood: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial\u2014The ALASKA Study","volume":"25","author":"Gesteiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pantoja-Ar\u00e9valo, L., Gesteiro, E., Matthias, T., Urrialde, R., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Gross, M. 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