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neurovascular diseases such as stroke or hydrocephalus. HHcy promotes oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, disrupting the blood\u2013brain barrier and accelerating neurodegeneration. These processes highlight HCys as both a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in vascular-related neurological disorders. Current research suggests that polyphenols, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may reduce HCys levels and offer neuroprotection. Polyphenols have demonstrated effectiveness in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways triggered by HHcy. These compounds may also upregulate enzymatic functions involved in HCys metabolism, thus reducing neurotoxicity. Furthermore, polyphenol-rich diets, like the Mediterranean diet, have been linked to lower HCys levels and a reduced incidence of neurovascular disorders. This review provides an overview of HHcy\u2019s role in neurovascular pathologies and examines the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in managing HCys levels and preventing HCys-induced neurovascular damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1735247598000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hyperhomocysteinemia: Underlying Links to Stroke and Hydrocephalus, with a Focus on Polyphenol-Based Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Ortiz-Salguero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Romero-Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7707-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Doush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2332-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"del R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4758-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41004 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"80","author":"Guieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. 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