{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:19:47Z","timestamp":1787933987949,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Athletics Association and Nestl\u00e9 Polska S.A"},{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW)"},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science"},{"name":"Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Nutrition knowledge may be translated into adequate dietary intake and proper eating habits, so adolescent education programs focusing on improving eating habits and nutrition knowledge are needed. The aim of the cross-sectional study with pair-matched controls was to assess the Consumer Nutrition Knowledge Scale (CoNKS) results and its determinants after one year of intervention in a national extracurricular athletics program within a pair-matched sample of Polish adolescents. Methods: The #goathletics Study evaluated a Polish national extracurricular athletics program, \u2018Athletics for all\u2019, being a voluntary and free-of-charge physical activity program organized by the Polish Athletics Association. The study allowed comparing the intervention group of adolescents aged 10\u201314 years, participating in the program for at least 9 months (a school year) and a pair-matched group not participating in it, while the matching was based on city, gender, and age (each group: n = 506 adolescents, n = 281 females and n = 225 males). The nutrition knowledge was assessed using a Consumer Nutrition Knowledge Scale (CoNKS), and during the analysis, the following factors were taken into account: body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Results: The \u2018Athletics for all\u2019 program participation influenced not only the total CoNKS score (p &lt; 0.0001) but also the scores in all studied areas\u2014within procedural nutrition knowledge (p = 0.0002), declarative nutrition knowledge on nutrients (p = 0.0001), and declarative nutrition knowledge on calories (p &lt; 0.0001), and program participants revealed a stronger understanding of all the studied areas compared to non-participating individuals. Gender, BMI, and central obesity tendency were not associated with the total CoNKS score (p &gt; 0.05), or any of the studied areas (p &gt; 0.05). The statistically significant differences in the number of correct answers were observed for four items within procedural nutrition knowledge, for four items within declarative nutrition knowledge on nutrients, and for four items within declarative nutrition knowledge on calories (p &lt; 0.05), while for all of them, \u2018Athletics for all\u2019 program participants revealed a stronger understanding. Conclusions: One year of intervention in a national extracurricular athletics program significantly influenced the nutrition knowledge of the studied group of adolescents aged 10\u201314 years. While compared with the pair-matched control group of Polish adolescents, they were characterized by a stronger understanding of all areas of nutrition knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1735738671000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of Nutrition Knowledge After One Year of Intervention in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program: A Cross-Sectional Study with Pair-Matched Controls of Polish Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5818-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Skolmowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8588-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"G\u0142\u0105bska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0784-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Guzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4558-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub Grzegorz","family":"Adamczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theory of Sport, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0384-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Na\u0142\u0119cz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedagogy and Psychology Department, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education, 34 Marymoncka Street, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanka","family":"Mellov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestl\u00e9 Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"\u017bywczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Health and Wellness Unit, Nestl\u00e9 Polska S.A., 32 Domaniewska Street, 02-672 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Gutkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bundy, D.A.P., Silva, N.d., Horton, S., Jamison, D.T., and Patton, G.C. 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