{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:42:29Z","timestamp":1792446149734,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II","award":["2794224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2794224"]}]},{"name":"University of Naples Federico II","award":["RGP1\/122\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP1\/122\/45"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University","award":["2794224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2794224"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University","award":["RGP1\/122\/45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP1\/122\/45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting the urinary tract that occurs mainly in men over 40 years of age. Among the natural therapies, proanthocyanidins (PACs), which can treat a wide range of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of pathologies concerning prostate health. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the different bioactivities of a grape seed extract (GSE), rich in polymeric PACs, and its version processed under alkaline conditions (ATGSE), characterized by a higher content of oligomeric PACs, in an animal model of BPH induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone (1 mg\/mouse). Methods: These latter were divided into a control group (vehicle, olive oil), a BPH group (testosterone 1 mg\/mouse), and four treatment groups treated with GSE (500 mg\/kg) and ATGSE (125, 250, 500 mg\/kg) by oral gavage. At the experimental endpoint (4 weeks), hematological and biochemical analyses of blood and tissues were performed. Results: Data showed that oral administration of ATGSE (250 mg\/kg) was significantly more effective than GSE in reducing prostate (p \u2264 0.0001) and seminal vesicle (p \u2264 0.0001) weight. Moreover, ATGSE exhibited enhanced effectiveness in significantly reducing PSA levels (p \u2264 0.0001 vs. GSE) and the expression of key pro-inflammatory cyto-chemokines in prostate and seminal vesicles homogenates. Conclusions: These findings pave the way for the clinical application of ATGSE as a nutraceutical and\/or functional food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1735738671000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seed Extract on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6340-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fortuna","family":"Iannuzzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara G. D\u2019Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8167-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Schiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inventia Biotech\u2014Healthcare Food Research Center s.r.l., Strada Statale Sannitica KM 20.700, 81020 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-2254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Maisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Marigliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anella","family":"Saviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Abo Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3224-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asif Jilani","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2280-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Maione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0251-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Carlo","family":"Tenore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2181-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Novellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.013","article-title":"Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)","volume":"95","author":"Roehrborn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. 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