{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:30:40Z","timestamp":1772886640938,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Pomeranian University in Szczecin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Crohn\u2019s disease is known for being associated with an abnormal composition of the bacterial flora, dysbiosis and intestinal function disorders. Metabolites produced by gut microbiota play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CD, and the presence of unspecific extraintestinal manifestations. Methods: The aim of this study was a determination of the level of bacterial metabolites in blood plasma in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. CD patients (29) and healthy individuals (30) were recruited for this study. Bacterial metabolites (SCFAs and TMAO panel) were measured by a liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry system. Results: A significant correlation (p-value &lt; 0.05) between CD and bacterial metabolites was obtained for three of eight tested SCFAs; acetic acid (reduced in CD; FC 1.7; AUC = 0.714), butyric acid (increased; FC 0.68; AUC = 0.717), 2MeBA (FC 1.168; AUC = 0.702), and indoxyl (FC 0.624). The concentration of CA (FC 0.82) and choline (FC 0.78) in plasma was significantly disturbed according to the biological treatment. Choline level (FC 1.28) was also significantly disturbed in the patients treated with glucocorticoids. In total, 68.97% of Crohn\u2019s patients presented extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of Crohn\u2019s disease, mainly osteoarticular complications. The level of BA was statistically significantly elevated in patients with extraintestinal (FC 0.602) manifestations, while in the group of patients with osteoarticular complications, a significant difference in the level of betaine (FC 1.647) was observed. Conclusions: The analyzed bacterial metabolites of plasma may significantly help in the diagnostic process, and in the monitoring of the disease course and treatment, in a lowly invasive way, as biomarkers after additional research on a larger group of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T13:37:51Z","timestamp":1735738671000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasma Bacterial Metabolites in Crohn\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis and Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Deskur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Ambro\u017ckiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665\/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0646-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Samborowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"B\u0142ogowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, ul. Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz","family":"Sulikowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Minimally Invasive, and Gastroenterological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Bia\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"D\u0105bkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Mitrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Siedlce, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7976-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Karczmarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Cybula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Paziewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland"},{"name":"Warsaw Genomics Inc., 01-682 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Starzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000001027","article-title":"Current and future microbiome-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Montrose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. 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