{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:23Z","timestamp":1787029223222,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anhui University of Technology Talent Program","award":["2023yjrc119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023yjrc119"]}]},{"name":"Anhui University of Technology Talent Program","award":["202304295107020035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304295107020035"]}]},{"name":"Anhui University of Technology Talent Program","award":["OMH-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Anhui University of Technology Talent Program","award":["OMH-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-06"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Clinical Medical Research Translational Special Project","award":["2023yjrc119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023yjrc119"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Clinical Medical Research Translational Special Project","award":["202304295107020035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304295107020035"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Clinical Medical Research Translational Special Project","award":["OMH-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Clinical Medical Research Translational Special Project","award":["OMH-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-06"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM","award":["2023yjrc119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023yjrc119"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM","award":["202304295107020035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304295107020035"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM","award":["OMH-2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM","award":["OMH-2023-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OMH-2023-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There are few studies examining the physical developmental phenotypes of nutritional deficiency diseases (NDDs) among Chinese children aged 1\u20137 years by anthropometrics and clarifying the specific NDD categories that caused growth faltering. Methods: A total of 3054 cases of NDDs in children aged 1\u20137 years were investigated. The age, height, and weight of children with NDDs were adjusted by using the skewness coefficient\u2013median\u2013coefficient of variation method, and the results were compared with the WHO standardized level. Comparisons of specific categories of NDDs were performed with respect to the age-specific height standardized values (HAZ), the age-specific weight standardized values (WAZ), and the age-specific body mass index standard values (BAZ). Result: The subtypes of NDDs among Chinese children were mainly characterized by single and co-morbid deficiencies. Calcium deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin B deficiency were the main types, accounting for 11.33%, 9.26%, 8.70%, and 6.29% of the total confirmed cases, respectively; protein\u2013energy malnutrition combined with vitamin C deficiency was the most common type of combined nutrient deficiency (5.76%). The HAZ (\u22120.0002), WAZ (\u22120.0210), and BAZ (\u22120.0018) of children aged 1\u20133 years with NDDs was lower than the WHO standard (0), as were the HAZ (\u22120.0003), WAZ (\u22120.0219), and BAZ (\u22120.0019) of children aged 3\u20137 years. The anthropometrics of children with NDDs aged 1\u20137 years showed that the HAZ and BAZ were slightly lower than the WHO average level, whereas the WAZ was significantly different from the WHO average. The co-morbidity of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin C deficiency, and iodine deficiency and vitamin C deficiency were associated with the WAZ. Interpretation: The specific categories of NDDs consist mainly of calcium deficiencies, vitamin A deficiencies, and vitamin D deficiencies. The main signs of growth retardation were low weight and height, which were driven by the specific single and co-morbid micronutrient deficiencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T14:35:42Z","timestamp":1735742142000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Physical Developmental Characterization of Children with Nutritional Deficiencies and Attributed Specific Categories"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinye","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoke","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangliang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economy and Social Security, College of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2873-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qunhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017001574","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods, protein leverage and energy intake in the USA","volume":"21","author":"Raubenheimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011001315","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990\u20132020","volume":"15","author":"Blossner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, L., Zhao, T., Zhang, R., Hao, Y., Jiao, M., Wu, Q., Liu, J., and Zhou, M. 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