{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:11:14Z","timestamp":1779887474133,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin Statutory Funds Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin Statutory Funds Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT\/001\/2022\/I-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/001\/2022\/I-N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Union of Lublin Universities in the framework of the program INTERPROJECT","award":["DS24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DS24"]}]},{"name":"Union of Lublin Universities in the framework of the program INTERPROJECT","award":["INT\/001\/2022\/I-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/001\/2022\/I-N"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: We assessed the influence of long-term injection of magnoflorine (MAG) on memory acquisition in mice for the first time. Methods: This isoquinoline alkaloid that belongs to the aporphines was isolated from the roots of Berberis vulgaris by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using a biphasic solvent system composed of chloroform: methanol: water in the ratio 4:3:3 (v\/v\/v) with 20 mM of hydrochloric acid and triethylamine, within 64 min. Results: Our results indicated that long-term injection of MAG 20 mg\/kg dose improve the long-term memory acquisition in mice that were evaluated in the passive avoidance (PA) test with no toxicity records. The analysis of brain lysates and animal plasma by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS showed the ability of the compound to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier, and an elevated level of phosphatidylcholine PC (14:1(9Z)\/14:1(9Z)) with the molecular formula of C36H69NO8P was observed in both treated groups with 10 mg\/kg and 20 mg\/kg MAG in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: This phenomenon may explain MAG\u2019s cognition-enhancing properties as the PC may induce the synthesis and strengthening of neuronal cells. Also, the 7-day-long administration of MAG at 10 mg\/kg and 20 mg\/kg increased the mean number of parvalbumin (PV)-IR neurons in the hippocampus. Statistically, the largest PV-IR neurons were observed at the 20 mg\/kg dose, which may indicate a potential effect of MAG on Ca2+ metabolism. However, no statistical differences were observed in the mean number of PV-IR nerve fibers in both doses of MAG, regardless of the hippocampal fields. This positive effect of MAG on hippocampal neurons provides further support for the neuroprotective effect of this alkaloid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:00:37Z","timestamp":1735628437000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can Magnoflorine Improve Memory? Immunohistochemical Studies on Parvalbumin Immunoreactive Neurons and Fibers of Mice Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Szalak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Komar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Kowalczuk-Vasilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Kruk-Slomka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Zag\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin B.","family":"Arciszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chod\u017aki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7076-600X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wirginia","family":"Kukula-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University in Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22799036221106582","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036221106582","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine for glycemic control of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Setiyorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Public Health Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5255","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9804","article-title":"Investigating functional properties of barberry species: An overview","volume":"99","author":"Sarraf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-015-0108-7","article-title":"The fruit extract of Berberis crataegina DC: Exerts potent antioxidant activity and protects DNA integrity","volume":"23","author":"Charehsaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"DARU J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okon, E., Kukula-Koch, W., Jarzab, A., Halasa, M., Stepulak, A., and Wawruszak, A. (2020). Advances in Chemistry and Bioactivity of Magnoflorine and Magnoflorine-Containing Extracts. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041330"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104632","article-title":"Magnoflorine: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity","volume":"152","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2019.1616236","article-title":"Use of Magnoflorine-Phospholipid Complex to Permeate Blood-Brain Barrier and Treat Depression in the CUMS Animal Model","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kukula-Koch, W., Kruk-S\u0142omka, M., St\u0119pnik, K., Szalak, R., and Bia\u0142a, G. (2017). The Evaluation of Pro-Cognitive and Antiamnestic Properties of Berberine and Magnoflorine Isolated from Barberry Species by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC), in Relation to QSAR Modelling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122511"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","article-title":"Chronic Inflammation in the Etiology of Disease across the Life Span","volume":"25","author":"Furman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.08.019","article-title":"Calcium Signaling in Health, Disease and Therapy","volume":"1865","author":"Parys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwaller, B. (2020). Cytosolic Ca2+ Buffers Are Inherently Ca2+ Signal Modulators. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035543"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.028","article-title":"Intracellular Ca2+ Sensing: Its Role in Calcium Homeostasis and Signaling","volume":"66","author":"Bagur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz0961","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaz0961","article-title":"Full Focus on Calcium","volume":"12","author":"Parys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs-\u00d6ller, T., Szarka, G., Ganczer, A., Teng\u00f6lics, \u00c1., Balogh, B., and V\u00f6lgyi, B. (2019). Expression of Ca2+-Binding Buffer Proteins in the Human and Mouse Retinal Neurons. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092229"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_8","article-title":"An Update to Calcium Binding Proteins","volume":"Volume 1131","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calcium Signaling"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Permyakov, E.A., and Uversky, V.N. (2022). What Is Parvalbumin For?. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12050656"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00005.2017","article-title":"The Role of the Hippocampus in Navigation Is Memory","volume":"117","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, P., Morris, R., Amaral, D., Bliss, T., and O\u2019Keefe, J. (2006). The Hippocampus Book, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195100273.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl5163","article-title":"Impact of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Human Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis","volume":"374","author":"Trinchero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szalak, R., Matysek, M., Koval, M., Dziedzic, M., Kowalczuk-Vasilev, E., Kruk-Slomka, M., Koch, W., Arciszewski, M.B., and Kukula-Koch, W. (2023). Magnoflorine from Berberis Vulgaris Roots\u2014Impact on Hippocampal Neurons in Mice after Short-Term Exposure. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087166"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.08.006","article-title":"Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Granisetron Improving Effect on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice","volume":"1429","author":"Zakeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"81","article-title":"Effect of Curcumin on Quinpirole Induced Compulsive Checking: An Approach to Determine the Predictive and Construct Validity of the Model","volume":"2","author":"Chimakurthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2015.10.001","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"Volume 321","author":"Calzada","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrocal, M., Saez, L., and Mata, A.M. (2021). Sorcin Activates the Brain PMCA and Blocks the Inhibitory Effects of Molecular Markers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease on the Pump Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22116055"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Wu, Y., Dong, S., Yu, Y., Wu, Y., Xiang, B., and Li, Q. (2023). Research Progress on Neuroprotective Effects of Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124797"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2019.1608957","article-title":"Three New Isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Whole Plants of Thalictrum Tenue with Cytotoxic Activities","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuzimski, T., and Petruczynik, A. (2023). New Trends in the Practical Use of Isoquinoline Alkaloids as Potential Drugs Applicated in Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother., 168.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115704"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154714","article-title":"Magnoflorine Improves Cognitive Deficits and Pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease via Inhibiting of JNK Signaling Pathway","volume":"112","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8468-x","article-title":"Application of Hydrostatic CCC\u2013TLC\u2013HPLC\u2013ESI-TOF-MS for the Bioguided Fractionation of Anticholinesterase Alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L.","volume":"407","author":"Mroczek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Roots. Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2174\/1872211310666160321123610","article-title":"Pharmacological Effect of Berberine Chloride in Propyl Thiouracil Induced Thyroidal Dysfunction\u2014A Time Bound Study in Female Rats","volume":"10","author":"Maurya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Yu, D., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Liu, X., Wang, J., Yu, M., Li, Z., Chen, Q., and Li, X. (2020). Magnoflorine from Coptis Chinese Has the Potential to Treat DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatits by Inhibiting Apoptosis of Keratinocyte. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.115093"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magaquian, D., Delgado Oca\u00f1a, S., Perez, C., and Banchio, C. (2021). Phosphatidylcholine Restores Neuronal Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells under Inflammatory Stress. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02361-5"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz148","article-title":"Associations of Dietary Choline Intake with Risk of Incident Dementia and with Cognitive Performance: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study","volume":"110","author":"Ylilauri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/1\/137\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:57:39Z","timestamp":1760115459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/1\/137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17010137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17010137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}}}