{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:44:51Z","timestamp":1789677891326,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cfunctional research of fermented soybean food (safety monitoring)\u201d under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs"},{"name":"Korea Agro-Fisheries and Food Trade Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The relationship between gut microbiota composition, lifestyles, and colonic transit time (CTT) remains poorly understood. This study investigated associations among gut microbiota profiles, diet, lifestyles, and CTT in individuals with subjective constipation. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from our randomized clinical trial, examining gut microbiota composition, CTT, and dietary intake in baseline and final assessments of 94 participants with subjective constipation. Participants were categorized into normal-transit (&lt;36 h) and slow-transit (\u226536 h) groups based on CTT at baseline. Gut microbiota composition was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing, and dietary patterns were assessed through semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Enterotype analysis, machine learning approaches, and metabolic modeling were employed to investigate microbiota\u2013diet interactions. The constipated participants primarily belonged to Lachnospiraceae (ET-L). Results: The slow-transit group showed higher alpha diversity than the normal-transit group. Butyricicoccus faecihominis was abundant in the normal-transit group, while Neglectibacter timonensis, Intestinimonas massiliensis, and Intestinibacter bartlettii were abundant in the slow-transit group, which also had a higher abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria. Metabolic modeling predicted increased N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), a mucin-derived metabolite, in the slow-transit group. Network analysis identified two microbial co-abundance groups (CAG3 and CAG9) significantly associated with transit time and dietary patterns. Six mucin-degrading species showed differential correlations with GlcNAc and a plant-based diet, particularly, including rice, bread, fruits and vegetables, and fermented beans. In conclusion, an increased abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria and their predicted metabolic products were associated with delayed CTT. Conclusion: These findings suggest dietary modulation of these bacterial populations as a potential therapeutic strategy for constipation. Moreover, our results reveal a potential immunometabolic mechanism where mucin-degrading bacteria and their metabolic interactions may influence intestinal transit, mucosal barrier function, and immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:00:37Z","timestamp":1735628437000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of Mucin-Degrading Gut Microbiota and Dietary Patterns with Colonic Transit Time in Constipation: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuangao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan 31499, ChungNam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7061-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Jong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myeong-Seon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwangsu","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do-Yeon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of R&D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6092-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunmin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan 31499, ChungNam-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity\/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan 31499, ChungNam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.024","article-title":"Chronic Constipation as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer: Results From a Nationwide, Case-Control Study","volume":"20","author":"Staller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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