{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:08:23Z","timestamp":1790111303614,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Despite the abundant body of evidence linking high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to cardiometabolic markers, little is known about how HIIT affects liver enzymes, particularly in obese adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related biomarkers in overweight\/obese adolescent girls. Methods: Thirty-three overweight\/obese adolescent girls (age, 17.0 \u00b1 1.15 yr.; body mass index, 33.3 \u00b1 4.77 kg\/m2) were randomly assigned to HIIT (n = 17) or control (n = 16) groups. The HIIT group participated in a nine-week HIIT program (three times weekly) without caloric restriction. Maximal aerobic speed, body composition indexes, blood pressure, MASLD-related biomarkers [liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), plasma lipids, uric acid, platelet count, and homeostasis model assessment index for insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR)] were examined at baseline and after the intervention. Results: Significant \u201ctime \u00d7 group\u201d interactions were found for body composition indexes, systolic blood pressure, maximal aerobic speed, liver enzymes ALT and AST, plasma lipids, glucose, and HOMA-IR. The HIIT program resulted in an increase in maximal aerobic speed (p = 0.035) and a decrease in body composition and plasma lipids (p &lt; 0.01), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.011), ALT (p = 0.013), AST (p = 0.012), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.01), but no significant changes in uric acid and platelet count. None of these markers changed in the control group. Conclusions: HIIT resulted in an improvement in MASLD-related biomarkers. HIIT could be an effective exercise therapy to prevent and reverse MASLD in adolescents with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T11:24:19Z","timestamp":1735730659000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Liver Enzyme Levels and Improves MASLD-Related Biomarkers in Overweight\/Obese Girls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wissal","family":"Abassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d (UR22JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8840-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nejmeddine","family":"Ouerghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d (UR22JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9391-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Bessem","family":"Hammami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6328-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidhal","family":"Jebabli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d (UR22JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moncef","family":"Feki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Bouassida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d (UR22JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.003","article-title":"A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34934","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034934","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in a middle-aged population with overweight and normal liver enzymes, and diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive proxies","volume":"103","author":"Boone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, E.L., Howe, L.D., Jones, H.E., Higgins, J.P., Lawlor, D.A., and Fraser, A. (2015). The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140908"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"55","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver in children and adolescents with excess weight and obesity","volume":"144","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Younossi, Z.M., Kalligeros, M., and Henry, L. (2024). Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clin. Mol. Hepatol.","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0431"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1027","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03783-7","article-title":"Diet, exercise, and supplements: What is their role in the management of the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children?","volume":"85","author":"Serbis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandireddy, R., Sakthivel, S., Gupta, P., Behari, J., Tripathi, M., and Singh, B.K. (2024). Systemic impacts of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) on heart, muscle, and kidney related diseases. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1433857"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1215","article-title":"Aspirin for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease without cirrhosis: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"331","author":"Simon","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mambrini, S.P., Grillo, A., Colosimo, S., Zarpellon, F., Pozzi, G., Furlan, D., Amodeo, G., and Bertoli, S. (2024). Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1426551"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"853","article-title":"Most overweight and obese Indian children have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Pawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12230","article-title":"Fibrosis and steatotic liver disease in US adolescents according to the new nomenclature","volume":"79","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318229da1a","article-title":"Correlation of vitamin E, uric acid, and diet composition with histologic features of pediatric NAFLD","volume":"54","author":"Vos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000365192","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in children: A vicious circle","volume":"82","author":"Alterio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25641","article-title":"Platelet activation during chronic hepatitis B infection exacerbates liver inflammation and promotes fibrosis","volume":"92","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02263-6","article-title":"Lipid-based insulin-resistance markers predict cardiovascular events in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Colantoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacco, A., Cioffi, F., Cuomo, A., Simiele, R., Senese, R., Silvestri, E., Amoresano, A., Fontanarosa, C., Petito, G., and Moreno, M. (2022). Mild endurance exercise during fasting increases gastrocnemius muscle and prefrontal cortex thyroid hormone levels through differential BHB and BCAA-mediated BDNF-mTOR signaling in rats. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061166"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01918-w","article-title":"Exercise in the management of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adults: A position statement from exercise and sport science Australia","volume":"53","author":"Keating","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, T., Vi\u00f1uela, M., Vidal, C., and Barrera, F. (2022). Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263931"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2013-0187","article-title":"Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness?","volume":"39","author":"Gillen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2017.69827","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic performance and plasma lipids in overweight\/obese and normal-weight young men","volume":"34","author":"Ouerghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abassi, W., Ouerghi, N., Ghouili, H., Haouami, S., and Bouassida, A. (2020). Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on thyroid hormones in overweight\/obese adolescent girls. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig., 41.","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2020-0031"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1648-4653","article-title":"Interval Training with different intensities in overweight\/obese adolescent females","volume":"43","author":"Abassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouerghi, N., Fradj, M.K.B., Duclos, M., Bouassida, A., Feki, M., Weiss, K., and Knechtle, B. (2022). Effects of high-intensity interval training on selected adipokines and cardiometabolic risk markers in normal-weight and overweight\/obese young males\u2014A pre-post test trial. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060853"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5554597","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5554597","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity interval training protocols on liver enzymes and wellness in women","volume":"2021","author":"Rengers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-38","article-title":"Nutrition transition among adolescents of a south-Mediterranean country: Dietary patterns, association with socio-economic factors, overweight and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study in Tunisia","volume":"10","author":"Traissac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezrati, I., Hammami, R., Ceylan, H.\u0130., Govindasamy, K., Fradj, M.K.B., Feki, M., Mansour, A.B., and Parpa, K. (2024). Poor eating habits and low physical activity contribute to weight excess and increase cardiometabolic risk in adolescents practicing soccer as a recreational sport. Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11070857"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2023-0171","article-title":"Video games and Facebook addiction among Tunisian adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"36","author":"Amara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ckad160.1256","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad160.1256","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight among Tunisian adolescents: Trend analysis 1996\u20132016","volume":"33","author":"Zribi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"139","article-title":"Weight excess among high-school students: Relation with mental health and sociodemographic factors","volume":"102","author":"Ouni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tun. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05848-1","article-title":"Pediatric MASLD: Current understanding and practical approach","volume":"184","author":"Stroes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1143-x","article-title":"Relationship between immune parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.6017","article-title":"Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Preventive and therapeutic value of lifestyle intervention","volume":"15","author":"Nobili","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.08.011","article-title":"Beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7025.1000211","article-title":"High-intensity interval training and obesity","volume":"4","author":"Alahmadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nov. Physiother."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2022.05.591","article-title":"The relationship between lipid profile and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents with obesity","volume":"32","author":"Cigri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanai, H., Adachi, H., Hakoshima, M., Iida, S., and Katsuyama, H. (2023). Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-its pathophysiology, association with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, and treatments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.1062.v1"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakurai, Y., Kubota, N., Yamauchi, T., and Kadowaki, T. (2021). Role of insulin resistance in MAFLD. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084156"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scapaticci, S., D\u2019Adamo, E., Mohn, A., Chiarelli, F., and Giannini, C. (2021). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese youth with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Front. Endocrinol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.639548"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2019-00034","article-title":"The Liver as an endocrine organ-linking NAFLD and insulin resistance","volume":"40","author":"Watt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.17-115","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remission in men through regular exercise","volume":"62","author":"Osaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001099","article-title":"High-intensity interval training increases cardiac output and VO2max","volume":"49","author":"Astorino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1421","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure reduction and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bundy","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-00357-x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Diagnostic criteria, therapeutic options and perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Weihe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"CD009217","article-title":"Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"2011","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.02.057","article-title":"Relation between wrist circumference and left ventricular structure in overweight children","volume":"121","author":"Zampetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12525","article-title":"Therapeutic management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1571114","article-title":"Mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Roles of oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Farzanegi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guarino, M., Kumar, P., Felser, A., Terracciano, L.M., Guix\u00e9-Muntet, S., Humar, B., Foti, M., Nuoffer, J.M., St-Pierre, M.V., and Dufour, J.F. (2020). Exercise attenuates the transition from fatty liver to steatohepatitis and reduces tumor formation in mice. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061407"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13086","article-title":"Effect of exercise on hepatic steatosis: Are benefits seen without dietary intervention? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab795","article-title":"The effect of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on liver fat: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Sabag","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101270","article-title":"Exercise of high intensity ameliorates hepatic inflammation and the progression of NASH","volume":"53","author":"Fredrickson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.081257","article-title":"Higher concentrations of alanine aminotransferase within the reference interval predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"53","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150308","article-title":"Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Hallsworth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3741-2","article-title":"High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Cassidy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Bianco, A., Bolzetta, F., Berton, L., Sergi, G., and Paoli, A. (2020). Effects of 6 weeks of traditional resistance training or high intensity interval resistance training on body composition, aerobic power and strength in healthy young subjects: A randomized parallel trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114093"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-00500-9","article-title":"Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.12.009","article-title":"Uric acid may serve as the sixth cardiometabolic criterion for defining MASLD","volume":"80","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/15438620903423924","article-title":"Effect of diet and exercise treatment for obese Japanese children on abdominal fat distribution","volume":"18","author":"Togashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.105665","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise training on psychosocial status and serum uric acid in men with essential hypertension: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Lamina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Health Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000069406.54766.C6","article-title":"The effects of graded resistance exercise on platelet aggregation and activation","volume":"35","author":"Ahmadizad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-303","article-title":"Activation of blood platelets in response to maximal isometric exercise of the dominant arm","volume":"21","author":"Gunga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-023-01241-9","article-title":"Effects of puberty on blood pressure trajectories\u2014Underlying processes","volume":"25","author":"Starzyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.12691\/ajssm-2-5A-8","article-title":"Impact of pubertal growth on physical fitness","volume":"2","author":"Goswami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"3809","article-title":"Effects of moderate- vs. high-intensity interval training on physical fitness, enjoyment, and affective valence in overweight\/obese female adolescents: A pre-\/post-test study","volume":"27","author":"Abassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/1\/164\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:23:04Z","timestamp":1759850584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/1\/164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17010164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17010164","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}