{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:04:33Z","timestamp":1790971473021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a dual approach involving time-restricted eating (TRE) at different times of the day combined with physical activity (PA) on functional capacity and metabolic health in overweight or obese women. Methods: Random allocation of sixty-one participants into four groups: early time-restricted eating plus physical activity (ETRE-PA, n = 15, 31.8 \u00b1 10.76 years, 89.68 \u00b1 13.40 kg, 33.5 \u00b1 5.53 kg\/m2), late time-restricted eating with physical activity (LTRE-PA, n = 15, 30.60 \u00b1 7.94 years, 94.45 \u00b1 15.36 kg, 34.37 \u00b1 7.09 kg\/m2), late time-restricted eating only (LTRE, n = 15, 27.93 \u00b1 9.79 years, 88.32 \u00b1 10.36 kg, 32.71 \u00b1 5.15 kg\/m2) and a control group (CG, n = 15, 36.25 \u00b1 11.52 years, 89.01 \u00b1 11.68 kg, 33.66 \u00b1 6.18 kg\/m2). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks in all groups. Both the ETRE-PA and LTRE-PA groups engaged in a rigorous combined aerobic and resistance-training program. Results: Significant reductions in body weight and body mass index were observed in the ETRE-PA and LTRE-PA groups compared to the CG and LTRE groups post-intervention (p &lt; 0.0005). Only the ETRE-PA group exhibited a significant decrease in fat mass (p = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.002). Significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase levels were observed in the ETRE-PA (p = 0.004) and LTRE-PA (p = 0.02) groups. These two latter groups achieved higher performances in the 6-min walking test, bench press, 30-s squat, crunch test, vertical jump (p &lt; 0.0005 for both), and leg extension (p &lt; 0.02 for both) when compared to the LTRE and CG groups. Conclusion: The integration of TRE with PA leads to greater improvements in body composition, lipid profile, and physical performance, with no significant differences between the ETRE-PA and LTRE-PA approaches. This combined strategy offers a promising solution for overweight and obese women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1735797910000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness of Early Versus Late Time-Restricted Eating Combined with Physical Activity in Overweight or Obese Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3681-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarra","family":"Miladi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6109-7393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarak","family":"Driss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranya","family":"Ameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirine C.","family":"Miladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar J.","family":"Miladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Fadhel","family":"Najjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadoua","family":"Neffati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5002-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Hammouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France"},{"name":"Research Laboratory Molecular Bases of Human Pathology LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009773","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009773","article-title":"Economic Impacts of Overweight and Obesity: Current and Future Estimates for 161 Countries","volume":"7","author":"Okunogbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. 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