{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:21:12Z","timestamp":1790198472224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Semmelweis Science and Innovation Fund","award":["STIA-OTKA-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIA-OTKA-2021"]}]},{"name":"Semmelweis Science and Innovation Fund","award":["NKFIH-FK129206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH-FK129206"]}]},{"name":"Semmelweis Science and Innovation Fund","award":["OTKA: PD-143327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA: PD-143327"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Hypertension Society","award":["STIA-OTKA-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIA-OTKA-2021"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Hypertension Society","award":["NKFIH-FK129206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH-FK129206"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian Hypertension Society","award":["OTKA: PD-143327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA: PD-143327"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Grant","award":["STIA-OTKA-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIA-OTKA-2021"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Grant","award":["NKFIH-FK129206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH-FK129206"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Grant","award":["OTKA: PD-143327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA: PD-143327"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["STIA-OTKA-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STIA-OTKA-2021"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["NKFIH-FK129206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH-FK129206"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["OTKA: PD-143327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA: PD-143327"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Both hyperandrogenism (HA) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) can separately lead to impaired vascular reactivity and ovulatory dysfunction in fertile females. The aim was to examine the early interactions of these states in a rat model of PCOS. Methods: Four-week-old adolescent female rats were divided into four groups: vitamin D (VD)-supplemented (n = 12); VD-supplemented and testosterone-treated (n = 12); VDD- (n = 11) and VDD-and-testosterone-treated (n = 11). Animals underwent transdermal testosterone treatment for 8 weeks. Target VD levels were achieved with oral VD supplementation and a VD-free diet. Estrous cycles were followed by vaginal smear, and quantitative histomorphometric measurements of the ovaries were also taken. In the 8th week, testosterone- and estrogen-induced relaxation of coronary arterioles was examined with pressure angiography. Estrogen receptor (ER) density and oxidative and nitrative stress parameters (Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase and 3-nitrotyrosine) in the vessel wall were investigated with immunohistochemistry. Results: VDD caused impaired estrous cycles, and testosterone caused anovulatory cycles (the cycles were stopped at the diestrous phase). VDD combined with testosterone treatment resulted in reduced testosterone and estrogen vasorelaxation, lower ER density, and higher oxidative and nitrative stress in the vessel wall. Conclusions: PCOS with vitamin D deficiency may be associated with increased oxidative\u2013nitrative stress in coronary arterioles. This oxidative and nitrative stress, potentially caused by hyperandrogenism and\/or vitamin D deficiency, could impair estrogen-induced relaxation of the coronary arterioles, possibly by decreasing NO bioavailability and disrupting the estrogen-induced relaxation pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T06:49:13Z","timestamp":1736232553000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased Oxidative and Nitrative Stress and Decreased Sex Steroid Relaxation in a Vitamin D-Deficient Hyperandrogenic Rodent Model\u2014And a Validation of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"R\u00e9ka Eszter","family":"Sziva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Workgroup of Research Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"Kollarics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Szeged University, Semmelweis Street 1, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9va","family":"P\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Kors\u00f3s-Nov\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Toldy Ferenc Hospital and Outpatient Clinic of Cegl\u00e9d, T\u00f6rteli Street 1\u20133, 2700 Cegl\u00e9d, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Font\u00e1nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Magyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"S\u00fcli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2057-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy L.","family":"N\u00e1dasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1ndor","family":"\u00c1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter M\u00e1ria","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Hadjadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 Street 37\u201347, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i Street 78\/a, 1082 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Workgroup of Research Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Szeged University, Semmelweis Street 1, 6725 Szeged, 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