{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:39:44Z","timestamp":1783474784102,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of comorbidities that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) production, with subsequent body composition (BC) abnormalities and high cardiovascular risk. Treatment with diet and exercise has been suggested as possible non-pharmacological adjuvant treatment. Objective: To determine changes in BC and PIC in patients with MS after a Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) and\/or isokinetic exercise (IE). Methods: A controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at a third-level hospital in Mexico City. Intervention groups: G1: MedDiet + IE; G2: IE; G3: MedDiet; G4: control. Anthropometry, BC, and PIC were collected from the baseline and at 12 weeks post-intervention. MedDiet was estimated from a 24-h recall record. IE consisted of a standard high-intensity anaerobic exercise program. Results: Forty-two patients with MS aged 18\u201365 years old were included. The most frequent comorbidities were obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. After 6 months of intervention, a significant reduction of resistin was observed within the IE group and MedDiet + IE, whereas the former group also showed an increase in adiponectin. Interventions of MedDiet and MedDiet + IE showed a decrease in IL-10. Regarding BC, all groups increased the resistance values in relation to the baseline but were lower than the control group. Conclusions: The results suggest that MedDiet and IE have a selective impact on pro-inflammatory mediators, while the combination of MedDiet and IE may induce only minor changes in BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T05:40:40Z","timestamp":1736746840000},"page":"256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Mediterranean Diet in Combination with Isokinetic Exercise Therapy on Body Composition and Cytokine Profile in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Cuenca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"},{"name":"Hospital General de Zona No. 32 \u201cDr. Mario Madrazo Navarro\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada del Hueso S\/N, Col. Santa \u00darsula Coapa, Alcald\u00eda Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04980, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6224-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Elisa","family":"D\u00edaz-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"},{"name":"Hospital General de Zona No. 8 y MF \u201cDr. Gilberto Flores Izquierdo\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Rio Magdalena 289, Col. Tizapan San \u00c1ngel, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Pineda-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alondra Gissel","family":"Mendoza-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofelia Dinora","family":"Valencia-Aldana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Angeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Vera-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Patricio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5013-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Loeza-Maga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Antonio","family":"Lara-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rodolfo","family":"Arteaga-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Alfonso","family":"Gardu\u00f1o-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Montoya-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bariatric Surgery, Centro Medico Nacional \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Ang\u00e9lica","family":"D\u00edaz-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Carlos","family":"Chaparro-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona No. 8 y MF \u201cDr. Gilberto Flores Izquierdo\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Rio Magdalena 289, Col. Tizapan San \u00c1ngel, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7399-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Melchor-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona No. 8 y MF \u201cDr. Gilberto Flores Izquierdo\u201d, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Rio Magdalena 289, Col. Tizapan San \u00c1ngel, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1760-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. San Lorenzo 503, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica y Medicina Experimental, CMN \u201c20 de Noviembre\u201d, ISSSTE. F\u00e9lix Cuevas 540, Col. Del Valle, Alcald\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Ter\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada Unidad Morelos, Instituto Pol\u00edtecnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnolog\u00eda, 1036 Z-1, P 2\/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00465-5","article-title":"Diabesity: The combined burden of obesity and diabetes on heart disease and the role of imaging","volume":"18","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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