{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:12:14Z","timestamp":1788361934065,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Naresuan University (NU), and National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2023 and 2025, The Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Thailand","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2024, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Reinventing University Program 2025, MHESI, Thailand","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2566B062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566B062"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["CRP6205031380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP6205031380"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2566A043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2566A043"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2568A026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A026"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2567A147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567A147"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2568A037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2568A037"]}]},{"name":"Global and Frontier Research University Fund, Naresuan University","award":["R2567C003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2567C003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity represents a significant challenge to male reproductive health, affecting approximately 13% of the global adult population. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit extract\u2019s therapeutic potential for HFD-induced male reproductive dysfunction. Through comprehensive analysis of the peer-reviewed literature from multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar; 2005\u20132024), we evaluated mulberry extract\u2019s effects on testicular morphology, spermatogenesis, sperm parameters, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mechanistic studies reveal that standardized mulberry extract mediates protective effects through multiple pathways: enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD: +45%, Catalase: +38%, GPx: +35%), reduced inflammatory markers (TNF-\u03b1: \u221264%, IL-6: \u221258%), and modulated NF-\u03baB signaling (\u221242.3%). These effects are facilitated by mulberry\u2019s rich phytochemical profile, particularly anthocyanins (2.92\u20135.35 mg\/g dry weight) and polyphenols (4.23\u20136.38 mg\/g). The extract demonstrates particular efficacy in preserving seminiferous tubule integrity and maintaining blood-testis barrier function, with treated groups maintaining up to 85% of normal tubular architecture compared to HFD controls. Key molecular mechanisms include AMPK\/SIRT1 pathway activation (2.3-fold increase), enhanced mitochondrial function (67% increase in mtDNA copy number), and epigenetic regulation of metabolic pathways. Temporal analysis indicates optimal therapeutic effects after 28 days of treatment, with initial improvements observable within 14 days. While current evidence is promising, limitations include predominant reliance on rodent models and lack of standardized extraction protocols. Future research priorities include well-designed human clinical trials, standardization of preparation methods, and investigation of potential synergistic effects with other therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review indicates that mulberry extract is a promising therapeutic candidate for obesity-related male infertility, warranting further clinical investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T09:49:17Z","timestamp":1736761757000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Mulberry Fruit Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kannika","family":"Adthapanyawanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanyakorn","family":"Aitsarangkun Na Ayutthaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Kreungnium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5532-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu 923-8511, Ishikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, and Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kroekkiat","family":"Chinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patcharada","family":"Amatyakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutthapong","family":"Tongpob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, December 28). World Obesity Day 2022: Accelerating Action to Stop Obesity. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/04-03-2022-world-obesity-day-2022-accelerating-action-to-stop-obesity."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","article-title":"Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"390","author":"Bentham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210181","article-title":"Counting the Hidden Costs of Male Reproductive Health","volume":"40","author":"Barratt","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Mens. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., Mulgund, A., Hamada, A., and Chyatte, M.R. (2015). A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13471","article-title":"Association between central obesity and semen quality: A cross-sectional study in 4513 Chinese sperm donation volunteers","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13082","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13082","article-title":"Male adiposity, sperm parameters and reproductive hormones: An updated systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"James","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12888","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12888","article-title":"Association between obesity and sperm quality","volume":"50","author":"Ramaraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102393","article-title":"Obesity and male infertility","volume":"90","author":"Ameratunga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skoracka, K., Eder, P., Lykowska-Szuber, L., Dobrowolska, A., and Krela-Kazmierczak, I. (2020). Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202004.0365.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E768","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00401.2011","article-title":"Diet and exercise in an obese mouse fed a high-fat diet improve metabolic health and reverse perturbed sperm function","volume":"302","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Y., Liu, Y., Xue, K., Gu, G., Fan, W., Xu, Y., and Ding, Z. (2015). Diet-induced obesity in male C57BL\/6 mice decreases fertility as a consequence of disrupted blood-testis barrier. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120775"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.77","article-title":"Metabolic regulation is important for spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Rato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adewoyin, M., Ibrahim, M., Roszaman, R., Isa, M.L.M., Alewi, N.A.M., Rafa, A.A.A., and Anuar, M.N.N. (2017). Male Infertility: The Effect of Natural Antioxidants and Phytocompounds on Seminal Oxidative Stress. Diseases, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases5010009"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.6","article-title":"The effect of obesity on sperm disorders and male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Cabler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr017","article-title":"Functional relationship between obesity and male reproduction: From humans to animal models","volume":"17","author":"Teerds","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des030","article-title":"Diet-induced paternal obesity in the absence of diabetes diminishes the reproductive health of two subsequent generations of mice","volume":"27","author":"Fullston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13178","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13178","article-title":"Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the male reproductive system","volume":"82","author":"Leisegang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.02.115","article-title":"Obesity, male infertility, and the sperm epigenome","volume":"107","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatima, M., Dar, M.A., Dhanavade, M.J., Abbas, S.Z., Bukhari, M.N., Arsalan, A., Liao, Y., Wan, J., Shah Syed Bukhari, J., and Ouyang, Z. (2024). Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of the Bioactive Compounds of White Mulberry (Morus alba): Current Paradigms and Future Challenges. Biology, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13070506"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, J., Gao, Y., Xue, J., Yang, Y., Yin, J., Wu, T., and Zhang, M. (2022). Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Mulberry. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11081170"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1254","DOI":"10.1080\/15538362.2020.1784075","article-title":"Mulberries: A Promising Fruit for Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and Biological Activities","volume":"20","author":"Ramappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Fruit Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10383","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03614","article-title":"The Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit-A Review of Characteristic Components and Health Benefits","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maqsood, M., Anam Saeed, R., Sahar, A., and Khan, M.I. (2022). Mulberry plant as a source of functional food with therapeutic and nutritional applications: A review. J. Food Biochem., 46.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14263"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.10.012","article-title":"Literature review in biomedical research: Useful search engines beyond PubMed","volume":"71","author":"Cals","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10009-1258","article-title":"Review of Most Important Biomedical Databases for Searching of Biomedical Scientific Literature","volume":"6","author":"Masic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Donald Sch. J. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.078915","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity in male mice is associated with reduced fertility and potentiation of acrylamide-induced reproductive toxicity","volume":"82","author":"Ghanayem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118028","article-title":"High fat diet impairs spermatogenesis by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in Sertoli cells","volume":"257","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4226","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-224048","article-title":"Paternal obesity initiates metabolic disturbances in two generations of mice with incomplete penetrance to the F2 generation and alters the transcriptional profile of testis and sperm microRNA content","volume":"27","author":"Fullston","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms050","article-title":"BMI in relation to sperm count: An updated systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Sermondade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1212","article-title":"High body mass index has a deleterious effect on semen parameters except morphology: Results from a large cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Belloc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap059","article-title":"On the possible origins of DNA damage in human spermatozoa","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122203","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male reproductive health","volume":"16","author":"Aitken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2012.12.001","article-title":"Implications of leptin in neuroendocrine regulation of male reproduction","volume":"13","author":"Landry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2012.2582","article-title":"Combined treatment of mulberry leaf and fruit extract ameliorates obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress in high fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.05.009","article-title":"Obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: Protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat","volume":"95","author":"Suleiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.11.004","article-title":"Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Drive Epigenetic Variation of Spermatozoa in Humans","volume":"23","author":"Donkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3153\/FH23007","article-title":"Phytochemical profile and pharmaceutical properties of mulberry fruits","volume":"9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.706299","article-title":"Natural anthocyanins from phytoresources and their chemical researches","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.03.046","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with purified mulberry (Morus australis Poir) anthocyanins suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet fed C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"141","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2016.07.004","article-title":"Mulberry anthocyanin extract ameliorates insulin resistance by regulating PI3K\/AKT pathway in HepG2 cells and db\/db mice","volume":"36","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Memete, A.R., Timar, A.V., Vuscan, A.N., Miere, F., Venter, A.C., and Vicas, S.I. (2022). Phytochemical Composition of Different Botanical Parts of Morus Species, Health Benefits and Application in Food Industry. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11020152"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.07.001","article-title":"Systematic study on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of some new and common mulberry cultivars in China","volume":"25","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.086","article-title":"A novel gelatin crosslinking method retards release of mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin providing a prolonged hypoglycaemic effect","volume":"134","author":"Vichasilp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06863","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites and Metabolic Profiling between Diploid and Tetraploid Morus alba L.","volume":"69","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.074","article-title":"Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit in hyperlipidaemia rats","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2024.100295","article-title":"Nutritional composition, phytochemical extraction, and pharmacological potential of mulberry: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Kattil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.100392","article-title":"Ameliorative Effects of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves on Hyperlipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: Induction of Fatty Acid Oxidation, Inhibition of Lipogenesis, and Suppression of Oxidative Stress","volume":"74","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Li, X., Xie, C., Luo, X., Bao, Y., Wu, B., Hu, Y., Zhong, Z., Liu, C., and Li, M. (2016). Prevention Effects and Possible Molecular Mechanism of Mulberry Leaf Extract and its Formulation on Rats with Insulin-Insensitivity. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152728"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2014.03.8191","article-title":"Protective Effects of Morus Alba (M. alba) Extract on the Alteration of Testicular Tissue and Spermatogenesis in Adult Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate","volume":"4","author":"Kianifard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Int. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.112979","article-title":"Protective role of the dried white mulberry extract on the reproductive damage and fertility in rats treated with carmustine","volume":"163","author":"Inanc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.9734\/ejnfs\/2024\/v16i11379","article-title":"Ameliorative Activities of Morus and Jamun against Cr Induced Andro-Hepatic Anomalies","volume":"16","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr. Amp. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8165716","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8165716","article-title":"Mulberry Fruit Extract Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Rats","volume":"2018","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. Ecam"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320","article-title":"Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity","volume":"53","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4654","article-title":"Mulberry Fruit Extract Ameliorates Adipogenesis via Increasing AMPK Activity and Downregulating MicroRNA-21\/143 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2009.10.004","article-title":"Alterations in the spermatic function generated by obesity in rats","volume":"113","author":"Zambrano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361779","DOI":"10.1080\/16546628.2017.1361779","article-title":"Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: Colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits","volume":"61","author":"Khoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05112","article-title":"Accelerating Metabolite Identification in Natural Product Research: Toward an Ideal Combination of Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry and NMR Profiling, in Silico Databases, and Chemometrics","volume":"91","author":"Wolfender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190055","article-title":"Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI): Proposed Terminology and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Male Infertility","volume":"37","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12336","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12336","article-title":"Paternal obesity induces metabolic and sperm disturbances in male offspring that are exacerbated by their exposure to an \u201cobesogenic\u201d diet","volume":"3","author":"Fullston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/2\/273\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:28:00Z","timestamp":1759919280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/2\/273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17020273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17020273","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]}}}