{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:24:48Z","timestamp":1793993088268,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is increasingly recognized as a significant condition in the aging population, particularly among those with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the interplay between sarcopenia and cardiogeriatrics, emphasizing shared mechanisms such as chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), hormonal dysregulation, oxidative stress, and physical inactivity. Despite advancements in diagnostic frameworks, such as the EWGSOP2 and AWGS definitions, variability in criteria and assessment methods continues to challenge standardization. Key diagnostic tools include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) for muscle mass, alongside functional measures such as grip strength and gait speed. The review highlights the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, aortic stenosis, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which exacerbate each other through complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the mTOR pathway, NAD+ metabolism, and senescence-related processes offer promise in mitigating sarcopenia\u2019s progression. Additionally, integrated interventions combining resistance training, nutritional optimization, and novel anti-aging therapies hold significant potential for improving outcomes. This paper underscores critical gaps in the evidence, including the need for longitudinal studies to establish causality and the validation of advanced therapeutic approaches in clinical settings. Future research should leverage multi-omics technologies and machine learning to identify biomarkers and personalize interventions. Addressing these challenges is essential to reducing sarcopenia\u2019s burden and enhancing the quality of life for elderly individuals with comorbid cardiovascular conditions. This synthesis aims to guide future research and promote effective, individualized management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T07:35:47Z","timestamp":1736840147000},"page":"282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Sarcopenia and Cardiogeriatrics: The Links Between Skeletal Muscle Decline and Cardiovascular Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2030-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Theodorakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"NT-CardioMetabolics, Clinic for Metabolism and Athletic Performance, 47 Tirteou Str., 17564 Palaio Faliro, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Hitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalini","family":"Kreouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Pantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Vamvakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology & 65+ Geriatric Outpatient Clinic, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, 14, 25th Martiou Str., 15127 Melissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101883","article-title":"An Elusive Consensus Definition of Sarcopenia Impedes Research and Clinical Treatment: A Narrative Review","volume":"86","author":"Coletta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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