{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:26:52Z","timestamp":1783718812994,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Guanajuato","award":["UG-CIIC 144\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG-CIIC 144\/2023"]}]},{"name":"La Cantera Desarrollos Mineros de Guanajuato","award":["UG-CIIC 144\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG-CIIC 144\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity contribute to vascular dysfunction through oxidative stress, heightening cardiovascular risk. Oral supplementation with L-citrulline (L-cit), a precursor of L-arginine (L-arg) and nitric oxide, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may improve vascular function and cardiometabolic health. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of L-cit supplementation and HIIT on arterial stiffness, body composition, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP) in adolescents with MASLD and obesity. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05778266), 44 adolescents (15\u201319 years) with MASLD and obesity were assigned to HIIT + L-cit (n = 14), HIIT + placebo (n = 14), or L-cit (n = 15) for 12 weeks. HIIT sessions (85% and 60% peak heart rate during intense and recovery periods) occurred thrice weekly. Training volume progressively increased, and participants performed 20 min of HITT per session in the last 8 weeks. Results: Outcomes included pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (Aix75), VO2peak, body composition, BP, glucose and lipid profiles, and hepatic steatosis. Compared to L-cit, HIIT + L-cit improved non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.04), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p = 0.02), and VO2peak (p = 0.001). No significant between-group changes were found in PWV, AIx75, hepatic steatosis, and body composition. HIIT + placebo improved VO2peak (p = 0.002), and L-cit decreased the degree of steatosis (p = 0.038). Conclusions: HIIT + L-cit supplementation enhanced lipid profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, while HIIT + placebo improved cardiorespiratory capacity, and L-cit alone decreased hepatic steatosis. Thus, L-cit could be an adjuvant strategy to manage obesity-related MASLD in adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:49:54Z","timestamp":1737611394000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of L-Citrulline Supplementation and HIIT on Lipid Profile, Arterial Stiffness, and Fat Mass in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Espinoza-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Vargas-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Ibarra-Reynoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monserrat","family":"Olvera-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma.","family":"Garay-Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n CP. 37320, Guanajuato, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2024, June 13). 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