{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:42:07Z","timestamp":1790707327347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Diet quality is important for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are now responsible for leading causes of death worldwide. Although health professionals often recommend diet improvement for the treatment and management of many NCDs, patients continually struggle to make dietary changes and maintain them long-term. This may be due to an interplay of many factors that affect dietary quality. This paper discusses some lifestyle-related factors that may offer additional points of intervention for health professionals to use to increase diet quality. Methods: This review examines the effects of exercise, sleep, mindfulness practice, meal socialization, social media use, and tobacco and alcohol use on diet quality. Studies examining the effects of these factors on diet were found by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Results: Evidence suggests that a positive relationship between exercise, adequate sleep, and all forms of mindfulness have positive effects on diet quality. Meal socialization\u2019s effects on diet quality were nuanced. Individuals tend to eat similarly to those they share a meal with. However, food quantity intake may be affected by the physical characteristics of individuals with whom people share a meal. Social media use was found to have negative effects on diet quality in those who used it excessively and was found to promote disordered eating patterns. Both tobacco and alcohol use were found to have negative impacts on diet quality. Conclusions: Using these findings, health professionals may be able to educate people about lifestyle-related factors that can improve diet quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1737970943000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Lifestyle-Related Factors for Improving Diet Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Derek","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2020.26","article-title":"From lifespan to healthspan: The role of nutrition in healthy ageing","volume":"9","author":"Wickramasinghe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-59","article-title":"Energy intakes of US children and adults by food purchase location and by specific food source","volume":"12","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22073","article-title":"Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic?","volume":"26","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-017-0285-4","article-title":"Ultra-processed food intake and obesity: What really matters for health-processing or nutrient content?","volume":"6","author":"Poti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gropper, S.S. (2023). The role of nutrition in chronic disease. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030664"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017barnowski, A., Jankowski, M., and Gujski, M. (2022). Public awareness of diet-related diseases and dietary risk factors: A 2022 nationwide cross-sectional survey among adults in Poland. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163285"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024, August 15). FASTSTATS\u2014Leading Causes of Death, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/leading-causes-of-death.htm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00594-9","article-title":"Global dietary quality in 185 countries from 1990 to 2018 show wide differences by nation, age, education, and urbanicity","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.0800","article-title":"Association of the Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet with the risk of dementia","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02188-2","article-title":"Healthy Nordic diet and risk of disease death among men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study","volume":"59","author":"Tertsunen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276211018159","article-title":"Impact of a whole-foods, plant-based nutrition intervention on patients living with chronic disease in an underserved community","volume":"16","author":"Bansal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Lifestyle Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4103\/jncd.jncd_63_21","article-title":"Dietary approaches in management of noncommunicable diseases: A review","volume":"6","author":"Lunghar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Noncommunicable Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.06.364","article-title":"Effectiveness of dietetic consultations in primary health care: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"117","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrow, L., Estrada, I., Burkholder-Cooley, N., and Miklavcic, J. (2022). Potential effectiveness of registered dietitian nutritionists in healthy behavior interventions for managing type 2 diabetes in older adults: A systematic review. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.737410"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108170","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.108170","article-title":"Common limitations and challenges of dietary clinical trials for translation into clinical practices","volume":"19","author":"Mirmiran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallo, M., Morgana, G., Dozzani, I., Gatti, A., Vandoni, M., Pippi, R., Pucci, G., Vaudo, G., and Fanelli, C.G. (2023). Unraveling barriers to a healthy lifestyle: Understanding barriers to diet and physical activity in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153473"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.106482","article-title":"The complex pattern of the effects of prolonged frequent exercise on appetite control, and implications for obesity","volume":"183","author":"Blundell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.12.032","article-title":"Homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control along the spectrum of physical activity levels: An updated perspective","volume":"192","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00372-3","article-title":"The impact of physical activity on food reward: Review and conceptual synthesis of evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies","volume":"9","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0299-3","article-title":"The influence of 15-week exercise training on dietary patterns among young adults","volume":"43","author":"Joo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manz, K., Mensink, G.B.M., Finger, J.D., Haftenberger, M., Brettschneider, A.K., Lage Barbosa, C., Krug, S., and Schienkiewitz, A. (2019). Associations between physical activity and food intake among children and adolescents: Results of KiGGS wave 2. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051060"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01365.2011","article-title":"Aerobic exercise reduces neuronal responses in food reward brain regions","volume":"112","author":"Evero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-021-00467-5","article-title":"Effects of movement behaviors on overall health and appetite control: Current evidence and perspectives in children and adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Julian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12782","article-title":"Homeostatic and neurocognitive control of energy intake in response to exercise in pediatric obesity: A psychobiological framework","volume":"20","author":"Thivel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001368","article-title":"High habitual physical activity improves acute energy compensation in nonobese adults","volume":"49","author":"Beaulieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00239.2018","article-title":"Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity","volume":"126","author":"Quist","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidanage, D., Wasalathanthri, S., and Hettiarachchi, P. (2023). Long-term aerobic and combined exercises enhance the satiety response and modulate the energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00655-x"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.104506","article-title":"Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study","volume":"146","author":"Fillon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000143","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2016-000143","article-title":"Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"2","author":"Bird","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117003974","article-title":"Sleep and dietary habits in the urban environment: The role of chrono-nutrition","volume":"77","author":"Pot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.201","article-title":"The effects of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2013.01.004","article-title":"Dietary nutrients associated with short and long sleep duration. Data from a nationally representative sample","volume":"64","author":"Grandner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1655-8","article-title":"Diet quality, dietary patterns and short sleep duration: A cross-sectional population-based study","volume":"58","author":"Mondin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.09.006","article-title":"Sleep patterns, diet quality and energy balance","volume":"134","author":"Chaput","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almoosawi, S., Palla, L., Walshe, I., Vingeliene, S., and Ellis, J.G. (2018). Long sleep duration and social jetlag are associated inversely with a healthy dietary pattern in adults: Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme Y1-4. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201807.0589.v1"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21321","article-title":"Elevated ghrelin predicts food intake during experimental sleep restriction","volume":"24","author":"Broussard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008","article-title":"Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite","volume":"141","author":"Spiegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McHill, A.W., Hull, J.T., and Klerman, E.B. (2022). Chronic circadian disruption and sleep restriction influence subjective hunger, appetite, and food preference. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091800"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.09.001","article-title":"Effects of sleep on breakfast behaviors in recently unemployed adults","volume":"10","author":"Callovini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.007","article-title":"Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy expenditure, and modifies metabolic pathways in adults with overweight and obesity","volume":"34","author":"Piron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2024.04.016","article-title":"Indices of sleep health are associated with timing and duration of eating in young adults","volume":"124","author":"Griffith","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521003597","article-title":"Associations between bedtime eating or drinking, sleep duration and wake after sleep onset: Findings from the American time use survey","volume":"127","author":"Iao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512001894","article-title":"Effects of sleep fragmentation on appetite and related hormone concentrations over 24 h in healthy men","volume":"109","author":"Gonnissen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2023.2254205","article-title":"Chronotype, binge-eating, and depression: The mediating effect of skipping breakfast","volume":"54","author":"Carciofo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaa012","article-title":"Late and instable sleep phasing is associated with irregular eating patterns in eating disorders","volume":"54","author":"Linnaranta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papatriantafyllou, E., Efthymiou, D., Zoumbaneas, E., Popescu, C.A., and Vassilopoulou, E. (2022). Sleep deprivation: Effects on weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081549"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton, S., Burrows, T.L., Collins, C.E., Rayward, A.T., Murawski, B., and Duncan, M.J. (2021). Efficacy of a multi-component m-health diet, physical activity, and sleep intervention on dietary intake in adults with overweight and obesity: A randomised controlled trial. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072468"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106131","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating programmes among low-income overweight women in primary health care: A randomised controlled pragmatic study with psychological, biochemical, and anthropometric outcomes","volume":"177","author":"Salvo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055102918824064","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102918824064","article-title":"Learning to eat intuitively: A qualitative exploration of the experience of mid-age women","volume":"6","author":"Barraclough","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Open"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torske, A., Bremer, B., H\u00f6lzel, B.K., Maczka, A., and Koch, K. (2024). Mindfulness meditation modulates stress-eating and its neural correlates. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57687-7"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"114","article-title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness training and dietary regime on weight loss in obese people","volume":"8","author":"Asadollahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Life"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-015-9692-8","article-title":"Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: Data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Mason","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12559","article-title":"Mindful eating: What we know so far","volume":"47","author":"Tapper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00852-4","article-title":"Intuitive eating longitudinally predicts better psychological health and lower use of disordered eating behaviors: Findings from EAT 2010\u20132018","volume":"26","author":"Hazzard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2024.101844","article-title":"Intuitive eating and its influence on self-reported weight and eating behaviors","volume":"52","author":"Giacone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111023","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and binge eating: A retrospective observational study","volume":"84","author":"Ayton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2022.08.008","article-title":"Intuitive eating intervention and diet quality in adults: A systematic literature review","volume":"54","author":"Bosker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01103-x","article-title":"Social connections and the healthfulness of food choices in an employee population","volume":"5","author":"Levy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwalska, J., and Bogda\u0144ski, P. (2021). Social modeling and eating behavior-a narrative review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041209"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244855","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4855","article-title":"Social isolation, brain food cue processing, eating behaviors, and mental health symptoms","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriksen, R.E., Torsheim, T., and Thuen, F. (2014). Loneliness, social integration and consumption of sugar-containing beverages: Testing the social baseline theory. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104421"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.08.018","article-title":"Social relationships and healthful dietary behaviour: Evidence from over-50s in the EPIC cohort, UK","volume":"100","author":"Conklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.10.005","article-title":"Social influences on eating","volume":"9","author":"Higgs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90380-Z","article-title":"Social, circadian, nutritional, and subjective correlates of the spontaneous pattern of moderate alcohol intake of normal humans","volume":"35","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00467.x","article-title":"The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview","volume":"98","author":"Rehm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lynn, T., Rosati, P., Leoni Santos, G., and Endo, P.T. (2020). Sorting the healthy diet signal from the social media expert noise: Preliminary evidence from the healthy diet discourse on Twitter. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228557"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/mhs2.46","article-title":"The influence of social media on the dietary behaviours of young Australian adults: A mixed methods exploration","volume":"2","author":"Goerke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ment. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.101650","article-title":"Digging into digital buffets: A systematic review of eating-related social media content and its relationship with body image and eating behaviours","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"19","article-title":"Social media, body image and food choices in healthy young adults: A mixed methods systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Rounsefell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Diet. J. Dietit. Assoc. Aust."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dane, A., and Bhatia, K. (2023). The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people. PLoS Glob. Public Health, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20904","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa and the long-term risk of mortality in women","volume":"20","author":"Auger","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02505-5","article-title":"Media use, dietary intake, and diet quality of adolescents in Saudi Arabia","volume":"94","author":"Mumena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105765","article-title":"Social media\u2019s influence on adolescents\u2019 food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review","volume":"168","author":"Kucharczuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01589-4","article-title":"#junkfluenced: The marketing of unhealthy food and beverages by social media influencers popular with Canadian children on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok","volume":"21","author":"Bagnato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, T., and Tseng, T.S. (2024). Diet quality as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2020 among different smoking status: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18630-7"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.6.869","article-title":"Less healthy dietary pattern is associated with smoking in Korean men according to nationally representative data","volume":"28","author":"Suh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques-Vidal, P., Waeber, G., Vollenweider, P., and Guessous, I. (2018). Socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants of dietary patterns in French-speaking Switzerland, 2009\u20132012. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5045-1"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norouzzadeh, M., Teymoori, F., Farhadnejad, H., Moslehi, N., Rahideh, S.T., Mirmiran, P., and Azizi, F. (2024). The interaction between diet quality and cigarette smoking on the incidence of hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62616-9"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113554","article-title":"Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013\u20132014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"240","author":"Berube","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03318-2","article-title":"Alcohol consumption patterns and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the adult population of Spain","volume":"63","author":"Ortiz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12950","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12950","article-title":"Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Cummings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brenes, J.C., G\u00f3mez, G., Quesada, D., Kovalskys, I., Rigotti, A., Cort\u00e9s, L.Y., Y\u00e9pez Garc\u00eda, M.C., Liria-Dom\u00ednguez, R., Herrera-Cuenca, M., and Guajardo, V. (2021). Alcohol contribution to total energy intake and its association with nutritional status and diet quality in eight Latina American countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413130"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.01.021","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption stimulates food intake and food reward of savoury foods","volume":"89","author":"Schrieks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agac009","article-title":"Relationships among alcohol drinking patterns, macronutrient composition, and caloric intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u20132018","volume":"57","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butts, M., Sundaram, V.L., Murughiyan, U., Borthakur, A., and Singh, S. (2023). The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071571"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duki\u0107, M., Radonji\u0107, T., Jovanovi\u0107, I., Zdravkovi\u0107, M., Todorovi\u0107, Z., Krai\u0161nik, N., Aran\u0111elovi\u0107, B., Mandi\u0107, O., Popadi\u0107, V., and Nikoli\u0107, N. (2023). Alcohol, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043735"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16477","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Update 2016","volume":"11","author":"Stickel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Liver"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/3\/448\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1759919786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/3\/448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17030448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17030448","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]}}}