{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:18:26Z","timestamp":1767917906598,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIDDK","award":["K23DK123378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK123378"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Children on dialysis have a 10-fold increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality when compared to the general population. The development of CVD in dialysis patients is attributed to Chronic Kidney Disease\u2013Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) and dyslipidemia. While the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult dialysis patients has been described, there are limited data on prevalence, severity, and risk factors for pediatric dyslipidemia. Methods: Data from 1730 pediatric patients \u2264 21 years receiving maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis with at least one lipid panel measurement were obtained from USRDS between 2001 and 2016. Disease etiology was classified as being glomerular (n = 1029) or non-glomerular (n = 701). Comparisons were made across etiologies using both linear and logistic regression models to determine the relationship between disease etiology and lipid levels. Results: The cohort had a mean age of 15.2 years and were 54.5% female. Adjusting for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, modality, time with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), and body mass index (BMI) and using non-glomerular etiology as the reference, glomerular disease [mean (95% CI)] was associated with +19% (+14.7%, +23.8%) higher total cholesterol level (183 mg\/dL vs. 162 mg\/dL), +21% (+14.8%, +26.6%) higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (108 mg\/dL vs. 87 mg\/dL), and +22.3% (+15.5%, +29.5%) higher triglyceride level (169 mg\/dL vs. 147 mg\/dL). Glomerular disease [OR (95% CI)] was associated with 3.0-fold [2.4, 3.9] higher odds of having an abnormal total cholesterol level, 3.8-fold [2.8, 5.0] higher odds of having an abnormal LDL-C level, and 1.9-fold [1.5, 2.4] higher odds of having an abnormal triglyceride level when compared to non-glomerular disease. Conclusions: Pediatric dialysis patients have a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, particularly from elevated triglyceride levels. Specifically, patients with glomerular disease have an even higher risk of dyslipidemia from elevated non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels than patients with non-glomerular disease. The long-term impact of this unfavorable lipid profile requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T09:42:23Z","timestamp":1737970943000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Glomerular Disease on Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients Treated with Dialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9584-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Zitnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elani","family":"Streja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marciana","family":"Laster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.001","article-title":"US Renal Data System 2021 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Johansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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