{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1787029288881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Uniscientia Foundation","award":["320030E_189329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030E_189329"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["320030E_189329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030E_189329"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030E_189329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030E_189329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Xylitol, a natural low-caloric bulk sweetener, is increasingly used as a sugar alternative due to its low-glycemic and low-insulinemic properties. The aim was to investigate the effect of orally administered xylitol, sucrose, and acesulfame potassium (ace-K) on energy intake during a subsequent ad libitum test meal. Methods: In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05671965, 20 December 2022), we included 20 healthy participants with normal body weight. Over four study visits, participants consumed an oral preload containing 33.5 g xylitol, 33.5 g sucrose, or 0.1675 g ace-K dissolved in 300 mL water, or 300 mL pure water as control. Participants were provided with an ad libitum test meal 15 min after the preload consumption, and both energy intake and total energy intake (= preload + ad libitum test meal) were assessed. Blood samples were collected to quantify cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose, and insulin concentrations. Results: Total energy intake was lower in response to xylitol and ace-K compared to sucrose (pTukey &lt; 0.03), with no differences between xylitol and ace-K or water. Plasma CCK concentrations were higher in response to xylitol compared to sucrose, ace-K, and water (pHolm &lt; 0.01), whereas GLP-1 concentrations did not differ between the preloads. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower in response to xylitol compared to sucrose (pHolm &lt; 0.01), but xylitol led to an increase in insulin compared to ace-K and water (pHolm &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: The consumption of oral preloads sweetened with xylitol or ace-K prior to an ad libitum test meal result in a lower total energy intake compared to a preload with sucrose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T03:26:10Z","timestamp":1738121170000},"page":"484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Oral Xylitol, Sucrose, and Acesulfame Potassium on Total Energy Intake During a Subsequent ad libitum Test Meal: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Flad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2204-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Altst\u00e4dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Beglinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens F.","family":"Rehfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Van Oudenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3134-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina K.","family":"W\u00f6lnerhanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Christin","family":"Meyer-Gerspach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Clara Research Ltd. at St. Claraspital, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00627-6","article-title":"The Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in the Global Epidemics of Obesity and Chronic Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Malik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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