{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:00:41Z","timestamp":1791392441783,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Numerous studies have highlighted the nutritional imbalances that are commonly observed in children and adolescents diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) who follow a gluten-free diet (GFD). However, the development and timeline of these nutritional deficiencies remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the short-term (\u22656 months to &lt;12 months) and long-term (\u226512 months) association between adherence to a GFD and nutrient intake as well as micronutrient blood status in children and adolescents aged from 0 to 18 years with CD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus for observational studies published up to June 2024. Results: A total of 15 studies (case\u2013control, cross-sectional, and prospective studies) with 2004 children and adolescents were included. Their quality was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. Despite the lack of high-quality data and the heterogeneity of the methods used in the included studies, the results of the cross-sectional\/case\u2013control studies show that, in the short term, children and adolescents with CD consumed excessive amounts of protein and carbohydrates compared to controls. After long-term adherence to a GFD, significant changes in the diets of children and adolescents with CD persisted. Fat intake was higher, while protein intake remained excessive compared to controls. Based on prospective studies, vitamin C and iodine intake improved both in the short and long term after adherence to a GFD. However, most other nutrients either remain inadequate or continue to decline, indicating that it is difficult to meet nutrient requirements despite dietary adjustments. Conclusions: Gaps in adherence to dietary recommendations appear to be widespread in children and adolescents with CD, emphasizing the need for improved diet quality and regular monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T04:36:18Z","timestamp":1738125378000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Short- and Long-Term Nutritional Status in Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease Following a Gluten-Free Diet: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5551-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Papoutsaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4474-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina N.","family":"Katsagoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) (2024, January 01). 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