{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:58:39Z","timestamp":1790024319468,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with variable degrees of inflammation and gliosis. Diet and lifestyle factors could influence MS development and also contribute to inflammation. The current study aims to evaluate the relationship between dietary and lifestyle inflammatory potential and multiple sclerosis severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Data collection included demographic, neurological, and nutritional information. The Dietary Inflammatory Score (DIS) and Lifestyle Inflammatory Score (LIS) were calculated based on the reference protocol. Results: One hundred and seven participants (69.2% female; mean age, 50.6 \u00b1 11.6 years) completed the study. The anti-inflammatory LIS group had significantly higher proportions of normal-weight (p = 0.000) and physically active (p = 0.022) participants. A greater proportion of women exhibited an anti-inflammatory lifestyle compared to men (80% vs. 20%; p = 0.023). No relation was retrieved between the DIS, LIS, and MS Severity Score (MSSS). When analyzing the single DIS components, leafy greens were associated with MS severity (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.50\u201318.74; p = 0.009). Among the LIS components, \u201chigh physical activity\u201d (OR 5.51; 95% CI, 1.66\u201318.30; p = 0.005) and \u201cheavy drinking\u201d (OR 5.61; 95% CI, 1.19\u201326.47; p = 0.029) were related to lower MS severity. Conclusions: Although no differences were found in the total Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammatory Scores, some of their components might be connected with MS severity. Further intervention studies are needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T04:05:47Z","timestamp":1738296347000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary Inflammatory Score (DIS)\u2019s and Lifestyle Inflammatory Score (LIS)\u2019s Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Severity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6327-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Guglielmetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-2136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinzia","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenycia de Cassya Lopes","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Frias-Toral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Tagliabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Center, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensics Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-3646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"La Malfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8097-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1397-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4865-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raynier","family":"Zambrano-Villacres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 0901952, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pahwa, R., Goyal, A., and Jialal, I. 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