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University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK46200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK46200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU109-MF-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU109-MF-118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antioxidant intake and antral follicle count (AFC), a marker of ovarian reserve, in women attending a fertility clinic. Methods: We conducted an observational study with 567 women undergoing infertility evaluation at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, who were enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study. Participants filled out the lifestyle and health questionnaires and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing habitual dietary intake and underwent a transvaginal ultrasound to measure AFC. Intake of nutrients with direct antioxidant capacity (vitamin A, C, and E and carotenoids) and intake of antioxidant food sources were estimated from the FFQ. Adjusted Poisson regression models were fitted to assess the relationships between antioxidants and AFC while adjusting for potential confounders. Non-linearity was assessed with restricted cubic splines. Results: The median (interquartile range) age and AFC of participants were 35.0 (32.0\u201338.0) years and 13 (9\u201318), respectively. Our findings revealed a non-linear association between lycopene intake and AFC. There was a positive linear association with the highest AFC among women consuming approximately 6000 mcg\/day of lycopene (p for non-linearity = 0.003). An inverse association was observed between retinol intake, predominantly from dairy foods, and AFC among women aged under 35 years (p-trend &lt; 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lycopene intake might influence the ovarian reserve in fertility patients. The observed inverse association with retinol, if confirmed, may reflect biological mechanisms different from oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be elucidated and warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T09:35:07Z","timestamp":1738575307000},"page":"554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antioxidant Intake and Ovarian Reserve in Women Attending a Fertility Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Maldonado-C\u00e1rceles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health and Social Sciences, Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Murcia School of Medicine, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Souter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 32 Fruit Street, Suite 10A, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chieh","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University College of Education, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6409-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makiko","family":"Mitsunami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 32 Fruit Street, Suite 10A, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"M\u00ednguez-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Chen, Y., and Dong, Y. (2018). A novel and compact review on the role of oxidative stress in female reproduction. Reprod. Biol. 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